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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of blackheaded fireworm,Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of cranberry (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1163-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Blackheaded fireworm ; Rhopobota naevana (Hubner) ; Rhopobota unipunctana (Haw.) ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl alcohol ; (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Splitless capillary gas chromatography indicated the presence of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl alcohol in the washes of female abdominal tips of the blackheaded fireworm,Rhopobota naevana (Hubner). Gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy confirmed the presence of tetradecenyl acetate in extracts of female tips. The low levels observed in these extracts (〈 1 ng/female equivalent), prevented further chemical and spectroscopic identification. These materials were found to be stimulatory at low levels in electroantennogram studies. A combination of 9 μg of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and 3 μg of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl alcohol on rubber septa in wing traps provided an effective attractant. (Z)-9-Dodecenyl acetate, a previously reported attractant, did not significantly increase field trapping catches when added to the binary mixture, but was found to enhance trap catches when added to each of the primary components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020546
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone components of the oblique-banded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 605-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oblique-banded leafroller ; Choristoneura rosaceana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-tetradecenal ; (E)-11-tetradecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-11-Tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol were previously reported as the sex pheromone in New York strains of the oblique-banded leafroller,Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol was tentatively identified in female tip extracts. For Okanagan Valley strains ofC. rosaceana, an additional component, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, was identified from female tip extracts by split-less capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy and was strongly stimulatory in electroantennogram studies. In field tests, 3 mg of 96.5∶2∶1.5 (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (containing approx. 1%E isomer) was not as attractive as female-baited traps, and significant numbers of European leafrollerArchips rosanus L. were attracted. The above blend with 1% (Z)-11-tetradecenal added was significantly more attractive than traps baited with femaleC. rosaceana, butA. rosanus males were still attracted. Increased percentages of (Z)-11-tetradecenal up to 4% caused increased catches ofC. rosaceana and decreased catches ofA. rosanus. Low amounts of (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol and (E)-11-tetradecenal male also contribute to increased specificity of the synthetic pheromone blend toC. rosaceana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013910
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal: Major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm,Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Acleris variana ; sex pheromone ; (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienal (E11,13–14:Ald) is the major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm (EBB),Acleris variana (Fern.). The compound was identified in female pheromone gland extracts by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), coupled GC-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode, and retention index calculations of candidate pheromone components.E11,13–14:Ald alone as trap bait was very attractive to male EBB. Addition of the corresponding diene alcohol or acetate or both did not enhance attraction. (Z)-11,13-Tetradecadienal in binary combination with (E)-11,13–14:Ald neither enhanced nor reduced trap catches. Increasing the amounts of pheromone from 0.01 to 10 µg increased trap catches, but increase of pheromone quantity above 100 µg proportionately reduced attraction. Stabilization of slowly polymerizingE11,13–14:Ald and development of a sustained, adequate release rate is required for pheromone-based monitoring of EBB populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02065986
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the western hemlock looper,Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1009-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria ; Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa ; sex pheromone ; 5,11-dimethylheptadecane ; 2,5-dimethylheptadecane ; 7-methylheptadecane ; 5-methylheptadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of the western hemlock looper (WHL),Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), comprises three methylated hydrocarbons: 5,11-dimethylheptadecane (5,11), 2,5-dimethylheptadecane (2,5), and 7-methylheptadecane (7). Compounds extracted from female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic (GC-EAD) analysis and coupled GC-mass spectroscopy in selected ion monitoring mode. In trapping experiments, (5,11) alone attracted male moths, but addition of either (7) or (2,5) significantly enhanced attraction. (5,11) combined with both (7) and (2,5) was significantly most attractive. (5,11) and (2,5) are also sex pheromone components of the eastern hemlock looper (EHL),Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.). Although (7) is produced by the EHL, it is a pheromone component only in the WHL. It constitutes the first behaviorally active monomethyl-branched hydrocarbon to be found in a geometrid and is a novel lepidopteran sex pheromone component. The different 2- versus 3-component sex pheromone supports taxonomic division of EHL and WHL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992534
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3,13-Dimethylheptadecane: Major sex pheromone component of the western false hemlock looper,Nepytia freemani Munroe (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1501-1510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; 3,13-dimethylheptadecane ; 3,13-dimethylhexadecane ; 3, 13-dimethyloctadecane ; 5,13-dimethylheptadecane ; 3,11 -dimethylhexadecane ; 3, 11-dimethylpentadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 3,13-Dimethylheptadecane (3,13-dime-17Hy) is the major sex pheromone component of the western false hemlock looper (WFHL),Nepytia freemani Munroe. It was identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and coupled GC-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Traps baited with 100μg of 3,13-dime-17Hy attracted large numbers of male WFHL. Of five additional candidate pheromone dimethylated hydrocarbons, only 3,13-dimethylhexadecane attracted male WFHL. However, neither 3,13-dime-16Hy nor the other four compounds enhanced attraction to 3,13-dime-17Hy when tested in binary or ternary combination at respective ratios of 100∶10, 100∶1, or 100∶1∶1. Identification of the complete WFHL sex pheromone requires structural elucidation of all 12 EAD-active components in gland extracts, determination of their chirality, and field testing of antennally active isomers in appropriate combinations and ratios. Stereoisomeric 3,13-dime-17Hy as trap bait may already be used to monitor WFHL populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984893
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex Pheromone Components of the Apple Leafminer, Lyonetia prunifoliella (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1119-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lyonetiidae ; Lyonetia prunifoliella ; Perileucoptera coffeella ; Lyonetia clerkella ; Leucoptera malifoliella ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene ; 5,9-dimethyloctadecane ; 5,9-dimethylheptadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three methylated hydrocarbons, 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy = 5Me9Me-17-ene-18Hy), 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (5Me9Me-18Hy), and 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (5Me9Me-17Hy), are synergistic sex pheromone components of the leafminer Lyonetia prunifoliella. Compounds extracted from female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), and one compound, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, also by coupled GC–mass spectrometry. In field trapping experiments, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, 5Me9Me-18Hy, and 5Me9Me-17Hy singly were unattractive to males but in ternary combination attracted numerous male moths. Attractiveness of the three-component blend significantly exceeded that of two-component blends. No attraction of males to pheromone lures without 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy indicates that this compound is essential for pheromone communication of L. prunifoliella. Common C-5 and C-9 methyl branches in lyonetiid pheromone hydrocarbons suggest a common biosynthetic pathway; the presence of 5Me9Me-17Hy and 5Me9Me-18Hy in pheromone blends of L. prunifoliella and Leucoptera malifoliella provides evidence for phylogeny of lyonetiid chemical communication. Determination of the stereoisomeric composition is required to completely describe the pheromone blend of L. prunifoliella and to support the hypothesis of phylogenetically related sex pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006390.43868.3b
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chirality of 5,11-dimethylheptadecane, the major sex pheromone component of the hemlock looper,Lambdina fiscellaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1057-1062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; eastern hemlock looper ; western hemlock looper ; sex pheromone ; pheromone chirality ; dimethylated hydrocarbons ; field trapping ; electrophysiological recordings ; (5R, 11S)-5 ; 11-di-methylheptadecane ; (55,11R-5 ; 11-dimethylheptadecane ; (5R, 11R-5 ; 11-di-methylheptadecane ; (5S,11S)-5 ; 11-dimethyIheptadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Of the four possible stereoisomers of 5,11-dimethylheptadecane, the major sex pheromone component of the eastern hemlock looper (EHL),Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Guen., and the western hemlock looper (WHL),Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa Hulst, (5R,11S)-5,11-dimethylheptadecane was the only stereoisomer eliciting electrophysiological responses by male EHL and WHL antennae. In field bioassays with EHL and WHL populations, traps baited with (5R,11S)-5, 11-dimethylheptadecane caught as many males as did traps baited with all four stereoisomers combined or a synthetic mixture of 5,11-dimethylheptadecanes. Catches in traps baited with the other three stereoisomers did not significantly differ from those in the unbaited control traps. We conclude that male antennae lack chemoreceptors for the other three stereoisomers of 5,11-dimethylheptadecane and hypothesize that only (5R,115)-5,11-dimethylheptadecane is produced by female EHLs and WHLs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987368
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