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  • rhizosphere  (4)
  • Bacillus subtilus  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Induction of resistance in tomato against cucumber mosaic cucumovirus by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (2000)
    Springer
    BioControl 45 (2000), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ; Bacillus pumilus ; Bacillus subtilus ; induced resistance ; induced systemic resistance ; Kluyvera cryocrescens ; plant defense
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Studies were done to evaluate specific strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for induced resistance against cucumber mosaic cucumovirus(CMV) in tomato. In greenhouse experiments where plants were challenged by mechanical inoculation of CMV, the percentage of symptomatic plants in the most effective PGPR treatments ranged from 32 to 58%,compared with 88 to 98% in the nonbacterized, challenged disease control treatment. Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate 4 PGPR strain treatments based on superior performance in the greenhouse studies. In the 1996field experiment, tomato plants treated with 3 PGPR strains exhibited a significantly lower incidence of CMV infection and significantly higher yields, compared with nonbacterized, CMV-challenged controls. In 1997, the overall percentages of plants infected with CMV in the control and PGPR treatments was higher than in 1996. CMV symptom development was significantly reduced on PGPR-treated plants in 1997compared with the control, but the percentage of infected plants and tomato yields were not significantly different among treatments. These results suggest that PGPR-mediated induced resistance against CMV infection following mechanical inoculation onto tomato can be maintained under field conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009923702103
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative identification by fatty acid analysis of soil, rhizosphere, and geocarposphere bacteria of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Arachis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; geocarposphere ; groundnut ; peanut ; rhizosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Bacterial isolates were collected from the geocarposphere, rhizosphere, and root-free soil of field grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at three sample dates, and the isolates were identified by analysis of fatty acid methyl-esters to determine if qualitative differences exist among the bacterial microflora of these zones. Five bacterial genera were associated with isolates from soil, while pod and root isolates constituted 16 and 13 genera, respectively, indicating that bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere and geocarposphere than in soil. The dominant (most frequently identified) genus across all three samples dates was Flavobacterium, for pods, Pseudomonas for roots, and Bacillus, for root-free soil. Sixteen bacterial taxa were only isolated from the geocarposphere, 7 only from the rhizosphere, and 5 only from soil. These results show that specific bacterial taxa are preferentially adapted to colonization of the geocarposphere and suggest that the soil, rhizosphere, and geocarposphere constitute three distinct ecological niches. Bacteria which colonize the geocarposphere should be examined as potential biological control agents for pod-invading fungi such as the toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012845
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rhizosphere bacteria antagonistic to soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines) and root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes: Identification by fatty acid analysis and frequency of biological control activity (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): antagonistic plants ; biological control ; fatty acids ; Heterodera glycines ; Meloidogyne incognita ; rhizobacteria ; rhizosphere ; soybean
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from roots of young and mature plants with known antagonism to phytopathogenic nematodes, including velvet bean (Mucuna deeringiana), castor bean (Ricinus communis), sword bean (Cannavalia ensiformis), and Abruzzi rye (Secale cereale). Isolates from antagonistic plants were compared to soybean isolates for the frequency of antagonism to the root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst (Heterodera schachtii) nematodes in a disease assay with soybean. Bacterial isolates were identified using fatty acid analysis, and isolates which exhibited a significant reduction in incidence of soybean damage from both nematodes were characterized physiologically. The bacterial taxa associated with antagonistic plants were markedly different from soybean bacteria. Isolates from soybean were predominantly Bacillus spp., while those from antagonistic plants included more coryneform and Gram-negative genera. Pseudomonas cepacia and Pseudomonas gladioli were predominant among Gram-negative bacteria on antagonistic plants but were not isolated from soybean. Four to six times the number of bacteria from antagonistic plants, compared to soybean, significantly reduced disease incidence of both nematodes. No single pattern of physiological reactions was common among all these bacteria, suggesting that multiple mechanisms accounted for the observed biological control. The results suggest that rhizospheres of antagonistic plants may be useful sources of potential biological control agents for phytopathogenic nematodes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012844
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantification of the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effect of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Archis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; geocarposphere ; groundnut ; peanut ; Pseudomonas ; rhizosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Roots and pods of field-grown peanut (groundnut) (Arachis hypogaea L.) were sampled at the R3, R5, and R7 developmental stages and examined in comparison to root- and pod-free soil for microbial population densities to assess the geocarposphere and rhizosphere effects. G/ S (no. geocarposphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) and R/S (no. rhizosphere microorganisms/no. soil microorganisms) ratios were calculated for total fungi,Asperigillus flavus, spore-forming bacilli, coryneform bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, and total bacteria isolated on low- and high-nutrient media. A clear geocarposphere effect was evidenced by increased population densities of bacteria and fungi associated with developing pods compared to soil. G/S and R/S ratios were generally greater than 1.0 for all groups of microorganisms except bacilli. G/S ratios were greater for total bacteria than for total fungi at two of the three sample times, suggesting that bacteria were stimulated more than fungi in the zone around developing pods. In contrast, R/S ratios, were higher for total fungi than for total bacteria at two of three sample times. The preferential association of fungi and bacteria with early developmental stages of the pod indicates that some microorganisms are particularly well adapted for colonization of the peanut geocarposphere. These microorganisms are logical candidates for evaluation as biological control candiates forA. flavus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465225
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of selected geocarposphere bacteria for biological control of Aspergillus flavus in peanut (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 175 (1995), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Arachis hypogaea ; Aspergillus flavus ; biological control ; geocarposphere ; rhizosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Selected bacterial strains isolated from the region of peanut pod development (geocarposphere) and two additional bacterial strains were screened as potential biological control agents against Aspergillus flavus invasion and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of peanut in laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials. All 17 geocarposphere strains tested delayed invasion of young roots and reduced colonization by the fungus in a root-radicle assay used as a rapid laboratory prescreen. In a greenhouse study, seven bacterial strains significantly reduced pod colonization by A. flavus compared to the control. In a field trial, conducted similarly to the greenhouse assay, pods sampled at mid-peg from plants seed-treated with suspensions of either 91A-539 or 91A-550 were not colonized by A. flavus, and the incidence of pods invaded from plants treated with either 91A-539 or 91A-599 was consistently lower than nonbacterized plants at each of five sampling dates. At harvest, 8 geocarposphere bacterial strains significantly lowered the percentage of pods colonized (〉 51%) compared to the control. Levels of seed colonization ranged from 1.3% to 45% and did not appear related to aflatoxin concentrations in the kernels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011365
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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