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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: fish ; Anguilla ; reproduction ; neuroendocrinology ; GnRH ; mGnRH ; cGnRH II ; steroid feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au moyen de dosages radioimmunologiques spécifiques de chacune des formes de GnRH présentes chez l'anguille européenne, Anguilla anguilla, (mGnRH et cGnRH II), nous avons comparé leur répartition dans l'hypophyse et les différentes parties du cerveau, chez l'anguille femelle argentée, ainsi que les modifications de leurs teneurs chez des femelles dont la maturation sexuelle est induite par un traitement à l'extrait hypophysaire de carpe. Chez les témoins, mGnRH est plus abondant que cGnRH II dans l'hypophyse, les lobes olfactifs et le téléncéphale, le di-et mésencéphale, alors que l'inverse est observé dans la partie postérieure du cerveau (mét- et mésencéphale). La maturation expérimentale des gonades entraine une augmentation significative des teneurs en mGnRH de l'hypophyse et des parties antérieures du cerveau; un tel effet positif n'est pas observé sur les faibles teneurs en cGnRH II qui, au contraire, sont diminuées. Ces données indiquent que le rétrocontrôle positif des stéroides gonadiques sur GnRH, que nous avions démontré précédemment, s'exercerait spécifiquement sur la forme mGnRH. Les différences dans la répartition et le contrôle de mGnRH et cGnRH II suggèrent que ces deux formes ont des rôles physiologiques différents chez l'anguille. L'élévation importante de mGnRH lors de la maturation sexuelle suggère l'implication principale de cette forme dans le contrôle neuroendocrine de la fonction de reproduction.
    Notes: Abstract Using specific radioimmunoassays for the two GnRH molecular forms present in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, (mGnRH and cGnRH II), we compared their distributions in the pituitary and different parts of the brain of female silver eels, as well as the modifications of their levels in experimentally matured female eels (treated with carp pituitary extract). In control eels, mGnRH levels were higher than cGnRH II levels in the pituitary, olfactory lobes and telencephalon, di- and mesencephalon, while the opposite was found in the posterior part of the brain (met- and myelencephalon). Experimental sexual maturation of the gonads significantly increased mGnRH levels in the pituitary and anterior parts of the brain; such a positive effect was not observed on the low cGnRH II levels, which were, in contrast, reduced. These data indicate that the positive feedback of gonadal hormones on GnRH, that we previously demonstrated, would specifically affect the mGnRH form. The differential distribution and control of mGnRH and cGnRH II suggest that these two forms have different physiological roles in the eel. The large increase in mGnRH during sexual maturation suggests the prime implication of this form in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 15 (1995), S. 5-23 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: evolution ; reproduction ; gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) structure ; GnRH function ; GnRH receptor structure ; GnRH receptor function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was originally isolated as a hypothalamic peptide hormone that regulates the reproductive system by stimulating the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. However, during evolution the peptide was subject to gene duplication and structural changes, and multiple molecular forms have evolved. 2. Eight variants of GnRH are known, and at least two different forms are expressed in species from all vertebrate classes: chicken GnRH II and a second, unique, GnRH isoform. 3. The peptide has been recruited during evolution for diverse regulatory functions: as a neurotransmitter in the central and sympathetic nervous systems, as a paracrine regulator in the gonads and placenta, and as an autocrine regulator in tumor cells. 4. Evidence suggests that in most species the early-evolved and highly conserved chicken GnRH II has a neurotransmitter function, while the second form, which varies across classes, has a physiologic role in regulating gonadotropin release. 5. We review here evolutionary aspects of the family of GnRH peptides and their receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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