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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism and disposition of intravenously administered acetyl-L-carnitine in healthy volunteers (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: acetyl-L-carnitine ; renal clearance ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride were investigated in 6 healthy volunteers of both sexes after i.v. injection of 500 mg of the drug, expressed as inner salt. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of acetyl-L-carnitine (A), L-carnitine (B) and total acid soluble L-carnitine fraction were evaluated over a period lasting from 24 h before to 48 h after the administration. Plasma concentrations of A increased quickly after administration and then declined reaching base values within 12 h. Conversely, plasma concentrations of B rose more slowly, reaching a peak in 30–60 min, and then declined to base values within 24 h. Most of the injected dose of acetyl-L-carnitine was recovered in the urine during the first 24 h after administration as B and A. Mean renal clearance of both A and B during the first 12 h after injection was higher than the base values, suggesting the presence of a saturable tubular reabsorption process which may counterbalance major changes occurring in plasma concentrations of L-carnitine pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609426
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of oral acetyl-L-carnitine in renal impairment (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Acetyl-L-carnitine ; renal impairment ; pharmacokinetics ; adverse reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetyl-L-carnitine 1.5 g and 3.0 g was administered as three divided doses on each of two occasions to 24 people with varying renal failure (creatinine clearance 127 – 8 ml·min−1). Plasma and urinary concentrations of total-L-carnitine, free (non-esterified) carnitine, short-chain esters and acetyl-L-carnitine were measured. The baseline (pre-study) concentrations of all four substances were related to renal function. Patients whose creatinine clearance was below about 30–40 ml·min−1 were had the highest concentrations. Renal elimination of all four substances was related to dose and to renal function. There was evidence for dose-related elimination, with greater elimination of the larger dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315038
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of 2-(α-thenoylthio)-propionylglycine (TTPG) in healthy volunteers - an oral dose-proportionality investigation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 10 (1992), S. 623-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0731-7085
    Keywords: 2-(α-Thenoylthio)-propionylglycine (TTPG) ; metabolism. ; oral dose proportionality ; pharmacokinetics ; propionylglycine (tiopronin) ; thiophenecarboxylic acid (TCA)
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0731-7085(92)80089-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes in stereoselective pharmacokinetics of endogenous substancesPresented at the Second International Symposium on Chiral Discrimination, May 27-31, 1991, Rome, Italy. (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: radioenzyme assay ; stereospecific assay ; carnitine acetyl transferase ; L-carnitine family ; L-carnitine ; acetyl-L-carnitine ; propionyl-L-carnitine ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of enzymes to assay individual components of the L-carnitine family in pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, and biological fluids with various forms of detection is reviewed. The most useful enzyme in the assay of compounds of the L-carnitine family is carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT), which catalyses the reversible interconversion of L-carnitine and its short-chain acyl esters. CAT can be used in one or more coupled reactions combined with U.V., or radiolabelled detection, or combined with HPLC, allowing, enantioselective, structurally specific, and, in the case of radiolabelled tracing, highly sensitive assays to be carried out. When compared with chromatographic separation of enantiomers or diastereoisomers, enantioselective enzyme mediated assays may be cheaper, more sensitive, and simpler, but they do not allow the nonpreferred isomer to be assayed. Consequently, they are appropriate for the specific assay of endogenous enantiomeric substrates of the enzyme concerned, in biological samples. The analysis of the other enantiomer in raw materials or in pharmaceuticals must be more properly approached by enantioselective chromatographic methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530040408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of nanophase powders prepared by laser synthesis (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 248-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Si—based (Si—C—N and Si—C—Al) nanopowders prepared by laser synthesis process have been studied by XPS and XAES analyses.The changes of the silicon coordination as a function of the carbon fraction in Si—C—N powders have been investigated by a detailed analysis of Si 2p and Si KLL lines and the measurements of the Auger parameter Ek(Si KLL) + Eb(Si 2p). The non-linear dependence of the Auger parameter on the carbon fraction has been interpreted as due to the formation of a carbonitride nanophase, indicating that the ternary powders are not merely a mixture of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.In Si—C—Al powders it has been found that the incorporation of aluminium results in a modified structure of the silicon carbide, as shown by the variation of the different spectral features.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220154
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the association of DNA primase activity with the nuclear matrix in HeLa S3 cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 11 (1993), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: DNA primase ; nuclear matrix ; nuclear isolation ; heat exposure ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have reinvestigated the association of DNA primase activity with the nuclear matrix prepared from exponentially growing HeLa S3 cells. We have found that 25-30 per cent of the nuclear primase activity resists extraction with 2 M NaCl and digestion with Dnase I. Unlike previous investigations, done with the same cell line, the results showed that nuclear matrix-bound DNA primase activity represented less than 10 per cent of the total cell activity. Association of high levels of primase activity with the nuclear matrix was strictly dependent on a 37°C incubation of isolated nuclei prior to subfractionation. Evidence was obtained that the method used for preparing nuclei can have a dramatic effect on the amount of primase activity which is recovered both in the postnuclear supernatant and in isolated nuclei, thus seriously affecting the interpretation of the results about the quantity of DNA primase activity bound to the nuclear matrix.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290110410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No discrete complexes containing DNA polymerase α activity can be solubilized from the heat-stabilized nuclear matrix prepared from HeLa S3 cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 12 (1994), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Nuclear matrix ; DNA polymerase α ; soluble complexes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Most of the DNA polymerase α activity, bound to the heat-stabilized nuclear matrix prepared from HeLa S3 cells, was released as a matrix extract by sonication. When the extract was centrifuged in a 5-20 per cent linear sucrose gradient no definite peaks of activity could be identified. Most of the activity sedimented to the bottom of the tube under all the conditions tested, whilst the remaining activity was associated with matrix fragments of various and irregular size. No 10 S complexes, containing polymerase activity, were seen after incubation of the extract for 16 h before centrifugation. Other solubilization procedures (i.e. treatment of the matrix with chelating agents, high pH associated with reducing agents, ionic and nonionic detergents) failed to produce release of matrix-bound DNA polymerase α activity. In contrast, we released 10 S complexes, containing polymerase activity, from the matrix prepared from nuclei not exposed to heat. We conclude that a 37°C incubation of isolated nuclei before extraction with 2 M NaCl and DNase I digestion causes DNA polymerase α to bind to the nuclear matrix in a form that cannot subsequently be released as discrete components, at variance with previous results obtained with the matrix prepared from regenerating rat liver.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290120106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic properties of DNA polymerase α activity associated with the heat-stabilized nuclear matrix prepared from HeLa S3 cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 12 (1994), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Nuclear matrix ; DNA polymerase α ; processivity ; activity ; heat stabilization ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated whether or not ATP or other nucleoside di- and trisphosphates (including some nonhydrolysable ATP analogues) can stimulate the activity and/or the processivity of DNA polymerase α associated with the nuclear matrix obtained from HeLa S3 cell nuclei that had been stabilized at 37°C prior to subfractionation, as has been reported previously for DNA polymerase α bound to the nuclear matrix prepared from 22-h regenerating rat liver. We have found that HeLa cell matrix-associated DNA polymerase α activity could not be stimulated at all by ATP or other nucleotides, a behaviour which was shared also by DNA polymerase α activity that solubilizes from cells during the isolation of nuclei and that is thought to be a form of the enzyme not actively engaged in DNA replication. Moreover, the processivity of matrix-bound DNA polymerase α activity was low (〈 10 nucleotides). These results were obtained with the matrix prepared with either 2M NaCl or 0·25 M (NH4)2SO4 and led us to consider that a 37° incubation of isolated nuclei renders resistant to high-salt extraction a form of DNA polymerase α which is unlikely to be involved in DNA replication in vivo.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290120208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of N,N′-Disubstituted (1R,2R)-1,2-Diaminocyclohex-4-enes by a Ruthenium-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 1523-1526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; Ring-closing metathesis ; Metathesis ; EPC synthesis ; 1,2-Diaminocyclohex-4-ene ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enantiopure (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohex-4-ene derivatives have been synthesized by the ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis reaction of (4R,5R)-N,N′-bis[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-4,5-diamino-1,7-octadiene dihydrochloride.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical response of single polychlorinated biphenyls analysed by selected ion monitoring (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analytical response of 45 single polychlorinated biphenyls to electron impact mass spectrometry was measured by monitoring their positive molecular ion intensity. The results showed little variability in response within the isomer groups with the same number of chlorine atoms, and the average response is proposed as a basis for quantitation of the polychlorinated biphenyl level for the corresponding degree of chlorination. The possibility of distinguishing the level of each polychlorinated biphenyl group by a method as specific and sensitive as gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry could be very useful, especially in toxicology studies. Preliminary data obtained from application of the technique in studies of marine organisms are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200080806
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