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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 221-234 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Delia antiqua ; Hylemya ; Anthomyiidae ; onion fly ; onion maggot ; visual behaviour ; colour stimuli ; ultraviolet stimuli ; UV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'interaction des ondes ultraviolettes (UV=350–400 n nm) et des ondes visibles (VISIBLE=400–650 nm) sur le fonctionnement visuel de la mouche de l'oignon, Delia antiqua, a été examinée par le mesurage des descentes spontanées sur des pièges variés, construits de carton gluant, qui reflète le UV ou non, dans des champs d'oignons. Les descentes furent en rapport négativement avec le pour-cent de la réflexion de l'UV (350 nm) et du vert (540–580 nm), et en rapport positivement avec la réflexion du bleu (430–470 nm). Le chiffre des descentes était en rapport directement avec la porportion ‘stimulantes’/‘inhibitantes’ des ondes reflétées. Les mâles et les femelles étaent comparables en leurs réponses aux ondes UV et VISIBLES reflétées, sauf que les mâles fussent plus sensibles que les femelles aux surfaces blanches et UV-reflétantes. Une modèle d'analyse multiple de regression qui prenait en considération les intensités des trois ondes significatives, 350, 450 et 560 nm, en tant que les variables indépendants, a expliqué 90% de la variation en la réponse combinée des mâles et des femelles à la réflexion spectrale des pièges. Ces resultats indiquent que quelques fonctionnements visuels de la D. antiqua sont une fonction des données sensorielles de la distribution spectrale entière du stimulus, pas seulement une fonction des ondes dominantes ou de la teinte.
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of ultraviolet (UV=350–400 nm) and visible (VISIBLE=400–650 nm) wavelengths in the visual behaviour of the onion fly, Delia antiqua (Meigen), was examined by measuring spontaneous alightment on various UV- and non-UV-reflecting, sticky cardboard traps in onion fields. Alightment on traps was negatively correlated with the percent UV (350 nm) and green (540–580 nm) reflectance and positively correlated with the percent blue (430–470 nm) reflectance. Alightment varied directly with the ratio of ‘stimulatory’/‘inhibitory’ reflected wavelengths. Males and females were similar in their response to both UV and VISIBLE wavelength reflectance, with the exception that males were more sensitive than females to UV-reflecting white surfaces. A multiple regression model, that used the intensity of 3 key wavelengths, 350, 450 and 560 nm, as independent variables, explained 90% of the variation in the combined male and female response to spectral reflectance from traps. These results indicate that some visual behaviours of D. antiqua are a function of the integration of sensory input from the entire spectral distribution of the stimulus, and not simply the dominant wavelengths or hue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 239-249 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; onion fly ; onion maggot ; olfactory stimuli ; visual stimuli ; host-finding ; sensory interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using various three-dimensional traps alone and in combination with the onion volatile, dipropyl-disulphide (Pr2S2), we found that visual behaviour of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), varied with the ‘visual context’ (background composition and trap spacing) in which traps were presented and the females' reproductive state (mated vs. unmated). Against a background of real onions, females alighted more frequently on spherical than cylindrical traps, and white than green spheres, but females responded equally to white and green cylinders. In an onion field, baiting traps with Pr2S2 significantly increased female response to white over green traps, but had no influence on their response to trap shape. When traps were spaced 10 m apart and against a background of bare soil, females orienting to Pr2S2 baits alighted more frequently on vertical than horizontal traps, but shape and spectral reflectance were insignificant. However, when traps were spaced 0.25 m apart, females orienting to Pr2S2 baits alighted more frequently on cylinders than spheres. Mated females alighted more frequently on green than white cylinders, but unmated females responded to cylinders independent of spectral reflectance. When located 20 m downwind from Pr2S2 baits, mated females alighted on green cylinders significantly more often than unmated females. Response to traps mimicking onion plants suggests that ovipositional host-finding in female onion flies is dominated by olfactory responses at long range (several metres) and by visual cues at short-range (ca. 1 m). The view that host location by female onion flies is a hierarchical response pattern mediated by multiple sensory modalities and modified by resource level (habitat) and reproductive status, is discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 621-635 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Delia antiqua ; onion maggot ; onion fly ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; group oviposition ; aggregation pheromone ; ovipositional host-finding ; olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments conducted in the laboratory tested the hypotheses that aggregated oviposition by onion maggot flies,Delia antiqua (Meigen), is caused by stimuli associated with ovipositing females, newly laid eggs, or both. Using a paired oviposition station bioassay that eliminated visual stimuli associated with the treatment under study, 67% of the eggs laid by caged females were in response to the odor of females already ovipositing on an onion slice, as opposed to 33% of the eggs laid in response to an onion slice alone. When newly laid eggs were transferred to onion slices and held for either 24 or 48 hr before being bioassayed against similarly aged untreated onions, 74% and 97% of the eggs were laid at the egg-treated onion stations, respectively. Similar results were achieved when an aqueous wash of newly laid eggs was applied to the onion slice. When the egg wash was processed through a bacterial filter or when eggs were present but not in contact with onions, all response was eliminated. These results implicate microorganisms transmitted on the egg surface in creating an attraction for ovipositing females. Heptane extracts of ovipositor tips from mated, ovipositing females induced 72% of the test females to oviposit near points at which extracts were applied to the oviposition station floor. A behavioral sequence for an optimal host-selection strategy is hypothesized, whereby host-seeking female onion flies respond to host-derived alkyl sulfides at long range and metabolic by-products of microbially infested hosts and visual cues at short range (ca. l m), with final selection of oviposition sites potentially reinforced by contact with an aggregation pheromone released or left on the substrate by ovipositing females.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 605-620 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Delia antique ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; onion fly ; onion maggot ; host finding ; olfactory behavior ; resource distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Using traps baited with natural and synthetic onion volatiles, we examined the effects of different habitats and mating on the olfactory behavior of laboratory-reared and wild onion flies. Rankings of olfactory treatments as host-finding stimuli for females were dependent on their mating status and the habitat in which they were foraging. In habitats devoid of hosts, traps baited with individual alkyl sulfides were as effective as 4-day-old chopped onions and more effective than 1-day-old onions in eliciting host-finding behavior in laboratory-reared unmated females (LUF) and laboratory-reared mated females (LMF). However, upwind dispersal and percent recapture were always significantly greater in LUF. In one experiment, Pr2S2 was 19 times more attractive to LMF in a fallow field, as than it was in an onion field. Reduced effectiveness of alkyl sulfides as host-finding stimuli in onion fields probably results in part because they are less findable, but more importantly because of a change in searching behavior after females have mated. Evidence to support the latter contention is that traps baited with alkyl sulfides and onions were equally findable by unmated females in both habitats. The behavior of LMF was identical to that of wild females, whereas the behavior of LUF was identical to wild males. The hypothesis that olfactory host-finding behavior in onion flies is modified by the resource level was upheld. Alkyl sulfides appear to be the primary, and possibly the only, chemical effectors of host-finding at the patch level of resource distribution, whereas the complex blend emitted by aged, chopped, or damaged onions appears to be acting at the final level of host-finding, while egg-laying females are moving between adjacent hosts in search of an optimal oviposition site.
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