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  • nitrogen fixation  (4)
  • Springer  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth responses inCasuarina cunninghamiana plantings to inoculation withFrankia (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 108 (1988), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhiza ; effectiveness ; nitrogen fixation ; nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth responses ofCasuarina cunninghamiana to inoculation withFrankia are described in unsterilized field soils at three sites. At Mt Crawford, South Australia, seedlings of three provenances ofC. cunninghamiana were inoculated with a singleFrankia source just prior to planting out. Forty-four months after planting, inoculation had more than doubled wood production by twoC. cunninghamiana provenances, whilst a third provenance grew poorly and did not respond to inoculation. In Zimbabwe, seedlings of one provenance ofC. cunninghamiana were inoculated in the nursery with one of four differentFrankia strains. In an N deficient soil at Kadoma, three of theseFrankia increased tree height 14 months after planting by between 50% and 70% in comparison to the uninoculated seedlings. The fourthFrankia strain resulted in increased tree height to three times that of the uninoculated controls and up to double that of the other threeFrankia strains. At Gympie, Queensland, Australia, seedlings ofC. cunninghamiana raised open-rooted in a nursery bed were inoculated withFrankia seventeen weeks before planting out. During the 22 months following planting in the field, tree growth was limited by soil P status and there was no response in tree height or stem diameter to inoculation withFrankia or to N fertilizer unless P was applied. In the presence of added P there was a significant response both toFrankia inoculation and to N fertilizer. This positive interaction between P application and N treatment was reflected in wood volumes-inoculated trees and those trees supplied N fertilizer produced 34% and 95% more wood volume than did the uninoculated trees. These results demonstrate the potential to increase the productivity of Casuarina plantings by inoculation withFrankia and by alleviation of P deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of genetic variability for N2 fixation between and within provenances of Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia albida estimated by 15N labelling techniques (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 127 (1990), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acacia albida ; genetic variability ; Leucaena leucocephala ; 15N methods ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen fixed in 13 provenances of Acacia albida and 11 isolines of Leucaena leucocephala inoculated with effective Rhizobium strains was measured by 15N techniques and the total N difference method. In the test soil, on the average, L. leucocephala derived about 65% of its total N from atmospheric N2 fixation compared to about 20% by A. albida. Significant differences in the percentage of N derived from atmospheric N2 (% Ndfa) occurred, between provenances or isolines within species. The % Ndfa ranged from 37 to 74% within L. leucocephala and from 6 to 37 within A. albida; (equivalent to 20–50 mg N plant−1 and 4–37 mg N plant−1 for the two species over three months, respectively) and was correlated with the nodule mass (r=0.91). The time course of N2 fixation of three selected provenances (low, intermediate and good fixers) was followed at 12 weekly intervals over a 36 week period. The % Ndfa of all provenances and isolines increased with time; and except for one of the L. leucocephala provenances, % Ndfa was similar within species at the 36 weeks harvest. There was a significant correlation between % Ndfa and the amount of N2 fixed (r=0.96). Significant interactions occurred between provenances and N treatments and often growth of uninoculated but N fertilized plants was less variable than for inoculated unfertilized plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014423
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodulation and growth response ofAllocasuarina andCasuarina species to phosphorus fertilization (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Allocasuarina sp. ; Casuarina sp. ; nitrogen fixation ; phosphorus fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To examine how soil phosphorus status affects nitrogen fixation by the Casuarinaceae —Frankia symbiosis,Casuarina equisetifolia and two species ofAllocasuarina (A. torulosa andA. littoralis) inoculated or fertilized with KNO3 were grown in pots in an acid soil at 4 soil phosphate levels. InoculatedC. equisetifolia nodulated well by 12 weeks after planting and the numbers and weight of nodules increased markedly with phosphorus addition. Growth ofC. equisetifolia dependent on symbiotically fixed nitrogen was more sensitive to low levels of phosphorus (30 mg kg−1 soil) than was growth of seedings supplied with combined nitrogen; at higher levels of phosphorus, the growth response curves were similar for both nitrogen fertilized and inoculated plants. The interaction between phosphorus and nitrogen treatments (inoculated and nitrogen fertilized) demonstrated that there was a greater requirement of phosphorus for symbiotic nitrogen fixation than for plant growth when soil phosphorus was low. WithAllocasuarina species, large plant to plant variation in nodulation occurred both within pots and between replicates. This result suggests genetic variation in nodulation withinAllocasuarina species. Nodulation ofAllocasuarina species did not start until 16 weeks after planting and no growth response due toFrankia inoculation was obtained at the time of harvest. Addition of nitrogen starter is suggested to boost plant growth before the establishment of the symbiosis. Growth ofAllocasuarina species fertilized with nitrogen responded to increasing levels of phosphorus up to 90 mg P/kg soil after which it declined by 69% forA. littoralis. The decrease in shoot weight ofA. littoralis, A. torulosa, C. equisetifolia andC. cunninghamiana at high phosphorus was confirmed in a sand culture experiment, and may be atributable to phosphorus toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232797
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological nitrogen fixation in trees in agro-ecosystems (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 141 (1992), S. 177-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: A-value ; acetylene reduction assay ; agroforestry ; isotope dilution ; 15N ; nitrogen fixation ; nodules ; trees ; ureide technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The integration of trees, especially nitrogen fixing trees (NFTs), into agroforestry and silvo-pastoral systems can make a major contribution to sustainable agriculture by restoring and maintaining soil fertility, and in combating erosion and desertification as well as providing fuelwood. The particular advantage of NFTs is their biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), their ability to establish in nitrogen-deficient soils and the benefits of the nitrogen fixed (and extra organic matter) to succeeding or associated crops. The importance of NFTs leads to the question of how we can maximise or optimize their effects and how we can manage BNF and the transfer of nitrogen to associated or succeeding plantings. To be able to achieve these goals, suitable methods of measuring BNF in trees are necessary. The total nitrogen difference (TND) method is simple, but is better suited for low than high soil N conditions. The acetylene reduction assay (ARA), although sensitive and simple, has many technical limitations especially for NFTs, and the estimates of BNF have generally been very low, compared to other methods. For NFTs, the 15N techniques are still under development, but have already given some promising results (e.g., has been used to measure large genetic variability in BNF within different NFTs). Various factors affect BNF in trees. They include the age of trees, the microbial component, soil moisture, temperature, salinity, pH, soil N level and plant nutrient deficiencies. Some of the factors, e.g. temperature, affect the symbiosis more than plant growth, and differences in the effects of these factors on BNF in different NFT genotypes have been reported. These factors and research needs for improving BNF in trees are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011316
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