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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1996-07-05
    Description: When the Mg2+ ion in the catalytic center of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) is replaced with Fe2+, hydroxyl radicals are generated. In the promoter complex, such radicals cleave template DNA near the transcription start site, whereas the beta' subunit is cleaved at a conserved motif NADFDGD (Asn-Ala-Asp-Phe-Asp-Gly-Asp). Substitution of the three aspartate residues with alanine creates a dominant lethal mutation. The mutant RNAP is catalytically inactive but can bind promoters and form an open complex. The mutant fails to support Fe2+-induced cleavage of DNA or protein. Thus, the NAD-FDGD motif is involved in chelation of the active center Mg2+.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaychikov, E -- Martin, E -- Denissova, L -- Kozlov, M -- Markovtsov, V -- Kashlev, M -- Heumann, H -- Nikiforov, V -- Goldfarb, A -- Mustaev, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 5;273(5271):107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Ferrous Compounds/metabolism ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: The tubular structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) appears to be generated by integral membrane proteins, the reticulons and a protein family consisting of DP1 in mammals and Yop1p in yeast. Here, individual members of these families were found to be sufficient to generate membrane tubules. When we purified yeast Yop1p and incorporated it into proteoliposomes, narrow tubules (approximately 15 to 17 nanometers in diameter) were generated. Tubule formation occurred with different lipids; required essentially only the central portion of the protein, including its two long hydrophobic segments; and was prevented by mutations that affected tubule formation in vivo. Tubules were also formed by reconstituted purified yeast Rtn1p. Tubules made in vitro were narrower than normal ER tubules, due to a higher concentration of tubule-inducing proteins. The shape and oligomerization of the "morphogenic" proteins could explain the formation of the tubular ER.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Junjie -- Shibata, Yoko -- Voss, Christiane -- Shemesh, Tom -- Li, Zongli -- Coughlin, Margaret -- Kozlov, Michael M -- Rapoport, Tom A -- Prinz, William A -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1247-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1153634.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Intracellular Membranes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Lipids/chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteolipids/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2559-2564 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: uncertainty analysis ; computed critical loads ; nitrogen ; sulpher ; acidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The goal of this study is to give a comprehensive and quantitative estimation of the uncertainty of computed in different scale nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) critical loads (CL) values for terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Asia, European part and the North-Western regions of Russia. The CL values are used to set goals for future deposition rates of acidifying compounds so that the environment is protected. In this research CL values for terrestrial ecosystems are determined using the expert-modelling geoinformation system (EM GIS) approach. UNCSAM software package is used as the tool for uncertainty analysis. The analysis presented here focuses on the estimation and effect of the input source uncertainties and sensitivities on the CL values in various regions under study. In spite of the region, nitrogen uptake by vegetation, nitrogen leaching from terrestrial ecosystems and the difference between deposition and uptake by plants of base cations (BC) are the most influential factors for all terrestrial ecosystems of Russia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: critical loads ; nitrogen ; sulphur ; northern Asia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of modified simple steady state mass-balance equations, the critical loads for nutrient and acidifying nitrogen as well as for sulphur and acidity have been calculated for various ecosystems of northern Asia using simplified expert-modelling GIS and grid cells 150×150 km. The minimal values of critical loads of nitrogen, CL(N), (〈50eq/ha/yr) were shown for arctic and subarctic ecosystems and the maximal ones (〉300eq/ha/yr) for ecosystems of chernozemic and chernozem-like soils in southern Siberia and the Far East. The minimal values of critical loads of sulphur, CL(S), as well as acidity were shown predominantly in the northern part of east Siberia and in the Kamchatka peninsula and the maximal ones for ecosystems having neutral and alcaline soils. The corresponding exceedances were indicated for many regions of the northern part of Asia with maximal values for regions of Ural mountains, frontery of Kazakhstan, Altai, lower Yenisei river flow, Far East, Sakhalin and South-Kurilean islands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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