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  • nicotine  (5)
  • Braconidae  (4)
  • Column liquid chromatography  (2)
  • Springer  (9)
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  • Springer  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dietary nicotine on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and its parasitoid, the ichneumonid wasp Hyposoter annulipes (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: tri-trophic level interactions ; nicotine ; alkaloid ; Hyposoter annulipes ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des quantités croissantes de nicotine dans l'alimentation ont prolongé la durée du développement des chenilles saines, bien que l'effet ait chuté aux concentrations les plus élevées. Le sexe de la noctuelle n'a pas eu d'effet sur la durée du développement ou l'action de la nicotine. L'influence de la nicotine sur le poids des chrysalides est inhabituel, en ce sens que les chrysalides les plus lourdes ont été obtenues aux concentrations moyennes. Des hypothèses sont proposés sur l'origine de ce phénomène. La mortalité et la durée de développement de H. annulipes ont augmenté et le poids des adultes a diminué quand la concentration de l'aliment de l'hôte en nicotine s'est élevée. L'effet différente de la nicotine sur des générations successives a pu provenir de modifications de la toxicité de la nicotine en fonction de changements dans la qualité de l'aliment. Quoi qu'il en soit, l'augmentation de la concentration de la nicotine dans l'alimentation de l'hôte a eu un effet négatif cohérent sur la valeur adaptative de H. annulipes.
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of nicotine (at a range of concentrations) in the food of an herbivorous host on the development, size and survival of its parasitoid. Fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were reared on diets of 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075% nicotine and exposed to parasitism by Hyposoter annulipes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). As nicotine concentration increased parasitoid mortality and development time increased and adult weight decreased. Development time, pupal weight and survival were recorded for unparasitized armyworms. Unparasitized fall armyworms showed lengthened development and higher mortality but pupal weights were greatest at intermediate nicotine concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364193
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dietary nicotine and colony source ofManduca sexta [Lepidoptera: Sphingidae] on its suitability as a host ofCotesia congregata [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] (1990)
    Springer
    BioControl 35 (1990), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Manduca sexta ; nicotine ; Cotesia congregata ; strains ; Manduca sexta ; nicotine ; Cotesia congregata ; souches
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une expérimentation a été entreprise afin de déterminer si les différences enregistrées entre deux colonies distinctes deM. sexta, affectées également par le régime nicotiné, influencent le développement, la survie et la taille de son parasitoïdeCotesia congregata. Les sphynx du tabac d'une colonie du Maryland et de la Caroline du Nord ont été élevés sur un milieu à 0,1 % de nicotine et exposés au parasitisme parC. congregata. Les individus de la colonie du Maryland furent en général de meilleurs hôtes que ceux de la colonie de Caroline du Nord. Bien que la nicotine ait des effects négatifs sur les deux colonies, ceux-ci furent plus sévères chez les individus parasitant les sphynx de Caroline du Nord.
    Notes: Abstract Larval tobacco hornworms,Manduca sexta (L.), of 2 different colonies were exposed to parasitism by the gregarious endoparasitoid,Cotesia congregata (Say). A comparison was made of parasitoid larval, pre-pupal, and pupal mortality, female and male dry weight and larval development time. In general, “Maryland” hornworms were more suitable hosts than “North Carolina” hornworms. Although the presence of dietary nicotine increased parasitoid mortality in individuals reared from hornworms of both colonies, the effect was more severe among individuals parasitizing the North Carolina hornworms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374797
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant allelochemicals and insect parasitoids effects of nicotine onCotesia congregata (say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) andHyposoter annulipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1319-1328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant allelochemical ; parasitoids ; three trophic level interactions ; nicotine ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Noctuidae ; Cotesia congregata ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Hyposoter annulipes ; Ichneumonidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Parasitoids developing within tobacco hornworms or fall army-worms exhibit significant differences in development and survival depending on whether their hosts fed on nicotine-free or nicotine-containing diets. The effects of nicotine were more severe on the relatively less adapted parasitoid,H. annulipes than the specialist parasitoid,Cotesia congregata. Labeled alkaloid originally placed in herbivore diet was incorporated in several parasitoid tissues. These results suggest that interactions between plant allelochemicals and parasitoids should be considered in the development of theory on insect herbivory and plant defense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012351
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of comsumption of high and low nicotine tobacco byManduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) on survival of gregarious endoparasitoidCotesia congregata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1329-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant allelochemical ; parasitoid ; three trophic level interaction ; antibiosis ; nicotine ; tobacco ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Cotesia congregata ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The significance of nicotine in the three trophic level interaction involving tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), and the parasitoidCotesia congregata was investigated in field plots of two varieties of tobacco which had about a 10-fold difference in their nicotine content. WhileM. sexta mortality, rates of parasitism byC. congregata, and the total number ofC. congregata larvae produced per host were similar on each of the two varieties, the number of parasitoids reaching adult-hood on the low nicotine treatment was nearly twice that on the high nicotine treatment. This difference was due to the significantly greater proportion of parasitoid larvae which failed to emerge from the host or that died prior to pupation after emerging from hosts which fed on the high nicotine variety. A greater proportion of larvae from hosts which fed on the low nicotine tobacco died as pupae. No treatment differences occurred for either sex of the parasitoid in individual dry weight, longevity, or pupal development time, except that female pupal duration was prolonged in the high nicotine treatment. These results support the suggestion that plant allelochemicals, which may function to provide plant resistance against pest herbivores, can be detrimental to natural enemies of the pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012352
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postemergence learning in the insect parasitoid,Cotesia congregata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 727-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: postemergence learning ; early-adult experience ; Cotesia congregata (Say) ; Braconidae ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Exposing newly emerged females of Cotesia congregata(Say) to wild cherry, an inherently unattractive plant, and their host larvae at 0–4 h after adult emergence induced a positive searching response to wild cherry and an inhibited response to cabbage, an attractive plant. Inherent responses were not affected when females were exposed to their hosts at 0–12 h and to cherry at 8–12 h after emergence. The induced response to cherry was constant until its disappearance at 6–7 days;inhibition of the response to cabbage was released at 4–5 days after emergence. Postemergence exposure to cherry and parasitoid cocoons induced similar but weaker searching responses. Induced searching responses exhibit features of associative learning and receptor modification. In addition to its presumed role in foraging, postemergence experience with plants may encourage assortative mating of C. congregatawithin suitable host habitats and, thus, facilitate local adaptations to specific plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052227
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of postemergence experience on searching and landing responses of the insect parasitoid,Cotesia congregata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), to plants (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 301-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: postemergence learning ; cross-induction ; foraging behavior ; Cotesia congregata (Say) ; Braconidae ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Postemergence experience with one of six plant species, in the presence of the host larva, modified the searching response of reproductively mature females of Cotesia congregata(Say) to these plants in at least one of three ways: (1) an increased response to the plant experienced at emergence, (2) an increased response to other plants, or (3) an inhibited response to other plants. Landing and searching responses were differentially affected by postemergence experience. For example, postemergence experience with tobacco (a common plant) in the presence of the host larva induced a landing preference for this plant over parsley (a novel plant) but did not affect searching responses to either plant, whereas experience with parsley and the host larva induced an increased searching response to parsley but a landing preference for tobacco. Differential effects of postemergence experience may reflect the type of stimuli involved in searching or landing and may have adaptive significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049840
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary nicotine (0.1%) and parasitism by Cotesia congregata on the growth and food consumption and utilization of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Tobacco hornworm ; Manduca sexta ; parasitoids ; Cotesia congregata ; allelochemicals ; nicotine ; nutritional indices ; tri-trophic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Bien que les influences des substances allélochimiques des plantes et du parasitisme aient été étudiées séparément, leurs effets combinés sur l'utilisation des aliments après ingestion par un herbivore n'avaient pas été examinés. Il est probable que les substances allélochimiques peuvent agir sur l'adéquation des herbivores pour leurs parasitoïdes, ou que la présence de parasitoïdes peut influer sur l'action des substances allélochimiques sur les indices nutritionnels des herbivores. Manduca sexta L. et son parasitoïde, Cotesia congregata Say fournissent un bon modèle pour étudier les interactions entre parasitisme et substances allélochimiques sur la croissance, la consommation et l'utilisation de la nourriture ingérée chez les larves de M. sexta. Les taux de croissance, la consommation et l'efficacité de la conversion des chenilles de 33 et 43 stades ne sont pas influencés significativement par les intéractions entre nicotine alimentaire et parasitisme. Cependant, le parasitisme réduit le taux de croissance des chenilles du 5e stade, ce qui se traduit par une réduction de leur consommation. La digestibilité des aliments ingérés a été augmentée chez les chenilles parasitées, mais non lorsque l'aliment consommé contenait de la nicotine. L'examen des valeurs de ECD et de ECI montre que l'ingestion de nicotine alimentaire réduit l'efficacité de la conversion des aliments digérés et ingérés par des chenilles non-parasitées, mais ces indices étaient supérieurs à ceux des chenilles parasitées. Ces résultats suggèrent que lorsque les chenilles sont parasitées après la mue du 33 stade, C. congregata n'influence pas l'alimentation de son hôte jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne le dernier stade. La nicotine, dans les tissus de l'hôte, dépasse les effets du parasitisme. Il est probable qu'aucun des changements observés ne provient d'un effet direct sur les processus d'assimilation et de conversion mais plutôt de l'exposition des parasitoïdes à la nicotine dans l'hémolymphe de la chenille.
    Notes: Abstract The interactive effects of dietary nicotine (0.1%) and parasitism by Cotesia congregata (Say) (Braconidae) on post-ingestive utilization of food by the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.) (Sphingidae) were studied in the laboratory. The rates of growth and consumption and the food utilization indices of third and fourth instar hornworms were not significantly influenced by the interactive effect of dietary nicotine and parasitism. However, parasitism reduced the growth rate of fifth instar hornworms, resulting from a reduction in their consumption rate. Efficiency of digestion of ingested food was enhanced in parasitized larvae, but not when they ingested diets containing nicotine. Ingestion of dietary nicotine reduced the efficiency of conversion of digested and ingested food of unparasitized hornworms as reflected in ECD and ECI values, but these indices were larger than in parasitized hosts. Results suggest that when hornworm larvae are parasitized after ecdysis to the third instar, C. congregata does not influence feeding by its larval host until the host reaches its terminal instar. Nicotine, within host tissues, ‘over-rides’ any effect caused by parasitism. It is probable that any change observed may not result from a direct effect on the assimilation and conversion processes of the hornworm larva but due to parasitoids' exposure to nicotine in the hornworm's hemolymph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349589
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimisation of mobile phase pH in liquid chromatography. Application to fluorimetric detection of series of quinolones (1998)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 48 (1998), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Mobile phase optimisation ; Fluorimetric detection ; Quinolones ; Dissociation constants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The dissociation constants of several quinolones in a 7% acetonitrile-water mixture are determined. A model describing the effect of pH on the retention of quinolones by an octadecylsilica stationary phase with a 7% acetonitrile-water mobile phase is proposed. The model uses pH values in the mobile phase instead of pH values in water and takes into account the effect of activity coefficients. Fluorescence of quinolones in the mobile phase is studied, and a chromatographic separation with fluorimetric detection is established. Detection limits for the proposed method range from 3 to 12 μg·L−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467679
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of LC retention of steroids using solvatochromic parameters (1995)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 41 (1995), S. 573-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Mobile phase optimization ; Steroids ; Solvatochromic parameters ; Retention prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The proportion of organic modifier and pH of the hydroorganic mobile phase were optimized to separate a series of nine important steroids by LC. It has been shown that linear plots of logk′ against Reichardt'sE T N parameter for the mobile phase is observed over the whole range of compositions of practical importance. Data from these plots summarize an approach for optimization of resolution from only two retention measurements for each compound. pH is shown to be irrelevant. This behaviour could be extrapolated to other steroids and drastically reduce the number of retention values needed for mobile phase optimization for screening analysis of steroids in doping investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269722
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