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  • neonates  (5)
  • Autocorrelation functions  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonazepam pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in neonatal seizures (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 585-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonazepam ; neonates ; convulsions ; therapeutic effect ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighteen newborns (gestational age 28 to 42 weeks and post-natal age 0.5 to 44 days) suffering from convulsions not controlled by phenobarbital were treated with clonazepam 0.1 mg/kg (8 cases) or 0.2 mg/kg (10 cases) administered by slow intravenous infusion. The plasma half-lives in these ‘phenobarbital pretreated neonates’ were of the same order of magnitude as those reported in adults (20–43 h). Post-natal age did affect clearance, which was 50–70% less than in adults and older children. At the end of the infusion period, plasma clonazepam ranged from 28 to 117 ng/ml in the 0.1 mg/kg group and from 99 to 380 ng/ml in the 0.2 mg/kg group. In the former an immediate therapeutic response was observed in 7 out of 8 cases, and in the latter a significant and somehow delayed effect on convulsion was present only in 6 cases. The data suggest that optimal therapeutic response might already have been achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dose. Higher doses and toxic concentrations of clonazepam may be detrimental to complete control of seizures and may expose the newborn to an unnecessary risk of adverse events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542419
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    To nurse when receiving acebutolol: Is it dangerous for the neonate? (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 737-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: acebutolol ; neonates ; beta-blocking agents ; perinatal pharmacology ; excretion in milk ; transplacental passage ; diacetolol ; neonatal beta-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of acebutolol and of its main active metabolite diacetolol in milk and plasma were studied in 7 hypertensive mothers treated with acebutolol, a cardioselective β-adrenoceptor blocking agent. Clinical monitoring on their newborn babies was also done, as well as measurement of plasma level of the drug in them. The ratio between milk and plasma concentrations ranged from 1.9 to 9.2 for acebutolol and from 2.3 to 24.7 for diacetolol, and in any given milk sample, the diacetolol concentration was always higher than that of acebutolol. In a newborn infant, plasma concentrations of the two transplacentally acquired substances was raised when breast feeding started and remained high. Clinical signs of pharmacological β-blockade were observed. Evaluation of the iatrogenic risk shows that pharmacologically active amounts of acebutolol might be received by a neonate if the daily maternal dosage exceeds 400 mg/day and/or renal function in the mother is impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608227
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in neonates (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: furosemide ; neonates ; kinetics ; placental transfer ; intravenous therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of furosemide was evaluated in 12 newborns who received the drug transplacentally, and in 21 neonates who received it directly for therapeutic reasons. In the first group, the apparent plasma half-lives ranged from 96 to 6.8 h with a significant inverse relationship (p〈0.01) between the gestational age and the elimination rate. In two cases a clear effect on diuresis was also observed. In the neonates receiving the drug i.v. for therapeutic reasons, the elimination kinetics appeared to follow a two-compartment open model, with a significant difference in the therminal plasma half-life between premature (26.8±12.2 h) and full-term newborns (13.4±8.6 h). In this group no relationship was observed between elimination rate and either gestational or conceptional age. In the case of repeated administration, an increase in plasma clearance and reduction in t1/2 β was noticed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606423
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of persistent fetal circulation syndrome of the newborn. Comparison of different doses of tolazoline (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tolazoline ; neonates ; persistent fetal circulation ; pharmacodynamic effects ; pharmacokinetics ; pulmonary circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of two doses of tolazoline have been compared in 2 groups of newborns suffering from the persistent fetal circulation syndrome. The effects on PaO2 and AaDO2 were similar in the 2 groups who received either a bolus of 1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1 tolazoline, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1·h−1. The observed changes did not differ significantly from those previously observed in babies treated with 2 mg·kg−1. A rise in PaO2 and a reduction in AaDO2 were usually observed shortly after the bolus injection and at plasma levels between 1.5 and 4 µg·ml·−1. A progressive rise in plasma level over time occurred after 1 mg·kg−1 (and in the previous study of 2 mg) but not with 0.5g/kg tolazoline. The elimination half-life of tolazoline in 6 patients was 5 to 13 h. The data suggest that continuous infusion of tolazoline is not necessarily required and that the dose of 0.5 mg/kg is more appropriate and safer than the higher doses usually proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606632
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma protein binding of alpidem in healthy volunteers, in neonates and in liver or renal insufficiency (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alpidem ; cirrhotics ; anxiolytics ; placental serum ; renal failure ; plasma protein binding ; neonates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binding of alpidem, a new anxiolytic drug, has been studied in plasma from 6 healthy subjects, 12 patients with renal failure, 12 patients with liver cirrhosis and 12 chronic uraemics maintained on haemodialysis, as well as in 12 serum samples from the placental cord, to represent the situation in the newborn. The unbound fraction was 0.61% (healthy volunteers), 1.31% (newborns), 0.86% (cirrhotic patients), 0.72 (patients with renal failure), 0.70% (before haemodialysis) and 0.79% (after haemodialysis). Binding in the volunteers was significantly different from that in neonates and cirrhotics only. Alpidem became bound to isolated albumin (45 g·l−1) and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (0.75 g·l−1) to 97.2% and 97.1%, respectively. The bound fraction of the drug in a mixture of two proteins was 99.1%. For alpidem, it appears that alpha1-acid glycoprotein may balance the effect of any decrease in the albumin concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609419
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation Of The Lagrangian Structure Function Constant C0 From Surface-Layer Wind Data (2000)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 95 (2000), S. 249-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Lagrangian and Eulerian statistics ; Structure functions ; Autocorrelation functions ; Energy spectra ; Surface layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Eulerian turbulence observations, madein the surface layer under unstable conditions (z/L 〉 0),by a sonic anemometer were used to estimatethe Lagrangian structure function constant O. Twomethods were considered. The first one makes use of arelationship, widely used in the Lagrangian stochasticdispersion models, relating O to the turbulent kineticenergy dissipation rate ε, wind velocity variance andLagrangian decorrelation time. The second one employsa novel equation, connecting O to the constant of thesecond-order Eulerian structure function. Beforeestimating O, the measurements were processed in orderto discard non-stationary cases at least to a firstapproximation and cases in which local isotropy couldnot be assumed. The dissipation ε was estimated eitherfrom the best fit of the energy spectrum in theinertial subrange or from the best fit of the third-orderlongitudinal Eulerian structure function. Thefirst method was preferred and applied to the subsequentpart of the analysis. Both methods predict thepartitioning of O in different spatial components as aconsequence of the directional dependence of theEulerian correlation functions due to the isotropy.The O values computed by both methods are presented anddiscussed. In conclusion, both methods providerealistic estimates of O that compare well withprevious estimations reported in the literature, evenif a preference is to be attributed to the second method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002697221093
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