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Apical membrane Cl-butyrate exchange: Mechanism of short chain fatty acid stimulation of active chloride absorption in rat distal colon (1994)

Rajendran, V. M. ; Binder, H. J.

Springer

The journal of membrane biology 141 (1994), S. 51-58

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ISSN: 1432-1424

Keywords: Electroneutral ; Asymmetric anion exchange ; Butyrate-gradient-stimulated Cl uptake ; Cl-SCFA exchange

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract The cellular model of short chain fatty acid stimulation of electroneutral Na-Cl absorption in large intestine proposes that SCFA, following its uptake across the apical membrane, recycles and is coupled to functional Na-H and Cl-short chain fatty acid exchanges. To establish the presence of a Cl-butyrate exchange (used as a model short chain fatty acid), studies of 36Cl and 14C-butyrate uptake across apical membrane vesicles of rat distal colon were performed. An outward butyrate-gradient stimulated transient accumulation of 36Cl uptake that was not inhibited by pH clamping with valinomycin (a K ionophore) and FCCP (a proton ionophore). Outward butyrate-gradient-stimulated 36Cl uptake was inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 68.4 μm, and was saturated by both increasing extravesicular Cl concentration (K m for Cl of 26.8 ±3.4 mm and a V max of 12.4±0.6 nmol/mg protein·9 sec) and increasing intravesicular butyrate concentration (K m for butyrate of 5.9 mm and a V max for Cl of 5.9 nmol/mg protein · 9 sec). 36Cl uptake was also stimulated by outward gradients of other short chain fatty acids (e.g., propionate, acetate and formate). In contrast, an outward Cl gradient failed to enhance 14C-butyrate uptake. Extravesicular Cl more than extravesicular butyrate enhanced 36Cl efflux from apical membrane vesicles. These studies provide compelling evidence for the presence of an electroneutral, pH-activated, Cl-butyrate exchange which in concert with Na-H exchange is the mechanism by which butyrate stimulates electroneutral Na-Cl absorption.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232873

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1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolan und 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborin: Synthese und Struktur sowie Berechnungen zur MolekülstrukturProfessor Hans-Georg von Schnering zum 65. Geburtstage gewidmet (1996)

Riegel, B. ; Hausen, H.-D. ; Schwarz, W. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 1462-1470

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ISSN: 0044-2313

Keywords: 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane ; 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborine ; preparation ; NMR ; molecular structures ; ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane and 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborine: Synthesis and Structure as well as Calculations on the Molecular StructureThe diphosphides K2[(C6H5)P—(C6H5)P—P(C6H5)], 4 or K2[(tBuP)—(tBuP)2—P(tBu)], 5, react with (ClBNMe2)2 to form the binary 5-membered ring system 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane (C6H5P)3(BNMe2)2, 2a, and the 6-membered ring system 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborine, (tBuP)4(BNMe2)2, 3a, respectively. 2a and 3a could be obtained in a pure form and characterized NMR spectroscopically and by X-ray structure analyses. The two ring systems are folded; 2a exists in the „envelope“- 3a in the „boat“-conformation. Ab initio computations for 3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolane M5 show that the global minimum is characterized by one B—P double bond. The parent compound geometry M6 is characterized by transannular bonding in the PH—BH—BH—PH moiety which differs in character from those in the four- and five-membered rings (BH)2(PH)2 and (BH)2(PH)3 M5 d, respectively. Explicit calculation of the influence of amino substituents on boron improved agreement of the bond length between computed and X-ray data.

Notes: Die Diphosphide K2[(C6H5)P—(C6H5)P—P (C6H5)], 4, bzw. K2[(tBuP)—(tBuP)2—P(tBu)], 5, reagieren mit (ClBNMe2)2 zu dem binären Fünfringsystem 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5-triphenyl-3,4,5-triphospha-1,2-diborolan (C6H5P)3(BNMe2)2, 2a, bzw. dem Sechsringsystem 1,2-Bis(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6-tetra-tbutyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphospha-1,2-diborin, (tBuP)4(BNMe2)2, 3a. 2a und 3a konnten in reiner Form isoliert, NMR-spektroskopisch und durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert werden. Beide Ringsysteme sind gefaltet; 2a zeigt eine „envelope“- 3a eine „Wannen“-Konformation.Ab initio Berechnungen an 3,4,5-Triphospha-1,2-diborolan M5 zeigen, daß im globalen Minimum eine B—P-Doppelbindung mit annähernd planarem σ3-Phosphor vorliegt. Die Geometrie der Stammverbindung des Sechsringes M6 weist „durch-den-Ring“-Bindung in der PH—BH—BH—PH-Baugruppe auf, welche sich von jenen im Vier- und Fünfring M5 d unterscheidet. Durch die explizite Berechnung des Einflusses von Aminosubstituenten an Bor auf die Geometrien des Fünf- und Sechsringes verbessert sich die Übereinstimmung der Bindungslängen mit den Daten der Röntgenstrukturanalyse.

Additional Material: 7 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220906

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1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane und 1,3-Diphospha-2,4,5-triborolan: Synthese und Struktur sowie Berechnungen zur Molekülstruktur Über den Einfluß von Substituenten auf die Struktur von 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretan (1995)

Riegel, B. ; Heckmann, G. ; Hausen, H.-D. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1111-1122

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ISSN: 0044-2313

Keywords: 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretanes ; 1,3-diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane derivative ; preparation ; molecular structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretanes and 1,3-Diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane: Synthesis and Structure as well as Calculations on the Molecular Structure On the Effect of Substituents on the Structure of 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane[2 + 2]-Cyclocondensation reactions led to the synthesis of the 1,2-diphospha-3,4-diboretanes [(t-BuP)2B2(NMe2)2], 1 a, and [(t-BuP)2B(NMe2)B(NiPr2)], 1 b. Their molecular structures have been determined by X-ray methods, and these are compared with the structure of [(t-Bu)P—BN(iPr2)]2, 2 a. Compounds 1 show a folded B2P2 four membered ring having tert.-butyl groups in anti-positions. Ab initio calculations on 1,2-diphospha-3,4-diboretanes demonstrate that two conformers with anti-orientation of the substituents at the phosphorus atoms can be expected. These differ by the relative orientation of the almost planar P2BR groups to the BP2 plane. The influence of substituents (H and NH2 at the B atoms, and H and Me at the P atoms) on the ring conformation has been studied. Finally, the first derivative of a 1,3-diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane, 3 a, is reported.

Notes: Durch [2 + 2]-Cyclokondensationen wurden die 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane [(t-BuP)2B2(NMe2)2], 1 a, und [(t-BuP)2B(NMe2)B(NiPr2)], 1 b, dargestellt, ihre Molekülstrukturen mit Röntgenbeugungsmethoden bestimmt und mit der Struktur von [(t-Bu)P—B(NiPr2)]2, 2 a, verglichen. In den Verbindungen 1 liegen gefaltete B2P2-Vierringe vor mit anti-ständigen tert.-Butylgruppen, während das Ringsystem in 2 a planar gebaut ist, die tert.-Butylgruppen aber ebenfalls anti-Stellung einnehmen. Ab initio-Rechnungen an 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretanen belegen, daß zwei unterschiedliche Konformere mit anti-Orientierung der Substituenten an den P-Atomen stabil sind, die sich durch die relative Orientierung der annähernd trigonal-planaren P2BR-Baugruppen zur BP2-Ebene voneinander unterscheiden. Der Einfluß von Substituenten (H und NH2 am B-Atom, H und CH3 am P-Atom) wird ermittelt. Beschrieben wird ferner das erste Derivat eines 1,3-Diphospha-2,4,5-triborolans, 3 a.

Additional Material: 8 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210702

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