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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orthokinetic and klinokinetic responses of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 447-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chemokinesis ; orthokinesis ; klinokinesis ; polymorphonuclear leucocytes ; locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Evidence is presented to show that klinokinesis, which was previously demonstrated in bacteria and amoeba only, may also occur in metazoan cells. The chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) elicited orthokinetic and klinokinetic responses of human blood-borne polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) under the test conditions used. Increased speed (orthokinesis) was due to an increase in the proportion of migrating cells as well as in the speed of the locomoting subset. The klinokinetic effect was manifested by a decrease in the klinolocomotion index, the mean angle of changes in direction ≥ 90°, and the frequency of turns ≥ 90°. The klinolocomotion index was inversely related to speed. This explains the synergistic effect of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in this system. Colchicine alone had and orthokinetic effect which was exclusively due to alterations in the proportion of migrating cells and it altered the turning behaviour without exerting a klinokinetic effect. However, colchicine had marginal orthokinetic and klinokinetic effects on fMLP-stimulated cells resulting in reduced translocation. The relationship between klinokinesis and mean angle or frequency of turns has been analysed. Klinokinesis was a substantial though not the major element of the chemokinetic response to fMLP under the conditions used. No other metazoan cells have been shown to possess such a complete pattern of responses, including orthokinesis, klinokinesis, and chemotaxis, which regulate locomotion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050603
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colchicine-induced stimulation of PMN motility related to cytoskeletal changes in actin, α-actinin, and myosin (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 25 (1993), S. 10-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; blebs ; locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colchicine-induced stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) locomotion is an interesting model because extension of blebs at the front occurs at a rate (about 2.4 μm/s) which is far above that reported for growth of actin filaments. The following cytoskeletal changes were observed in colchicine-treated PMNs: (1)a small increase in cytoskeleton-associated actin was noted, as well as a somewhate more pronounced increase in cytoskeleton-associated α-actinin, as compared with untreated or DMSO-treated controls. There was, however, no measurable increase in F-actin as determined by NBD-phallacidin blinding; (2)the values for the ratio (α-actinin/actin) are lower in PMNs treated with colchicine for 30 min, as compared with PMNs stimulated with fNLPNTL for 1 minute (non-polar ruffling cells) or 30 min (polarized locomoting cells); thus, this ratio may depend on the type of PMN motility; (3) in polarized PMNs F-actin was mainly located linearly all along the cell membrane; there was more intense staining at the front of the cells; (4) α-actining appeared to colocalize with F-actin at the leading front, but not with F-actin at the tail of polarized cells; (5) myosin was preferentially found at the rear part of polarized cells but not or only to a small extent at the front. Our data indicate a close functional correlation between microtubules and microfilaments. We speculate that F-actin in combination with α-actinin promotes expansion of pseudopods, whereas myosin combined with F-actin promotes contraction. In more general terms we suggest that different forms of PMN motility are generated by differential selective interaction of cytoskeletal compnents and variations in the composition of the cytoskeleton in different sites of the same cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970250103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motility, cell shape, and locomotion of neutrophil granulocytes (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 47-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: neutrophil granulocytes ; motility ; locomotion ; cell-shape ; cell-substratum adhesion ; f-Met-Leu-Phe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Activation of the motile apparatus by chemokinetic factors cannot be reliably assessed in cells that are attached to a solid substratum because motility can be totally abolished by excessive adhesion. It is however, necesary to quantify the activation of the motile apparatus in order to analyze and understand chemokinetic responses.It was the purpose of the present work to establish morphological criteria that can be used to quantify motility in nonadherent (floating) neutrophils and to predict the locomotor response under conditions of limited adhesion. The proportion of neutrophils performing crawling-like movements (polarized cells) in suspension correlates very closely with stimulated locomotion at low to optimal concentration of f-Met-Leu-Phe, ie, under conditions of limited adhesion. Reduced locomotion at supraoptimal concentrations of f-Met-Leu-Phe has also morphological correlates. The major feature is the decrease in the proportion of neutrophils performing crawling-like movements and the corresponding appearance of cells that are motile but not polarized in suspension and that do not locomote on the substratum. Concentration-dependent changes in neutrophil length and in the proportion of polarized neutrophils with and without tail were also observed. The locomotor potential of neutrophils under conditions of limited contact with the substratum can be predicted on the basis of their motile behavior, in particular the proportion of cells showing crawling-like movements, in suspension. In combination with measurements of adhesion the procedure should permit a more complete analysis of the regulation of chemokinetic responses.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970030105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Boroxol-Verbindungen Darstellung, physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften (1952)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 267 (1952), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktion, - B2O3 + BCl3 -, die zum Trichlorboroxol führt2), ist allgemeiner Anwendung bei den Halogeniden BF3, BCl3, BBr3 und Pseudohalogeniden wie z. B. B(OCH3)3, B[N(CH3)2]3 und B(CH3)3 fähig. Auf diesem Wege konnten in fast quantitativer Ausbeute die bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur stabilen Boroxole: Trimethyl-, Tri-dimethyl-amino-, Trimethoxy-boroxole und die nur bei höheren Temperaturen stabilen Trifluor-, Trichlor- und Tribrom-boroxole dargestellt werden. Letztere zersetzen sich beim Abkühlen über noch nicht gefaßte Zwischenstufen in die Ausgangsprodukte. Die Darstellung, sowie die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften einschließlich der Molekulargewichte der Boroxolverbindungen werden mitgeteilt. Die Bildungsreaktion wird diskutiert. Eine abschließende Diskussion über die Struktur der Boroxole wird im Anschluß an die Veröffentlichung der RAMAN-Spektren der Boroxole gegeben werden.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19522670102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAMAN-Spektren und Struktur von Boroxol-Verbindungen (1953)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 272 (1953), S. 303-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden die RAMAN-Spektren von Trimethyl-, Tri-dimethylamino-, Trimethoxy-, Trichlor-boroxol und von B-Trimethylborazol mitgeteilt. Die Diskussion der spektralen Daten erbringt in Anlehnung an die gut untersuchten Spektren von 1,3,5-trisubstituierten Benzolen den sicheren Nachweis für einen ebenen Sechsring B3O3 in allen Boroxolverbindungen. Dieser liegt nach dem RAMAN-Spektrum auch im Dibortrioxyd vor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19532720510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trigonal-planare CuX3-Gruppen in Cu2Mo6X14, X = Cl, Br, IProfessor Herbert Jacobs zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 663-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dicopper(I)-octa-μ3-halogeno-hexahalogeno-octahedro-hexamolybdate(II) ; crystal structure ; Mo6X14-group ; trigonal planar CuX3-group ; ionic conduction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trigonal Planar CuX3-Groups in Cu2Mo6X14, X = Cl, Br, ICu2Mo6Cl14 (I), Cu2Mo6Br14 (II) and Cu2Mo6I14 (III) were synthesized by thermal treatment of corresponding mixtures of copper(I) and molybdenum(II) halides. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. I and II show isotypism, cubic, Pn3 (no. 201, sec. setting), Z = 4, I: a = 12.772(3) Å, II: a = 13.350(2) Å. III shows a new structural type, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), Z = 4, a = 16.058(3) Å, b = 10.643(2) Å, c = 16.963(3) Å. Trigonal planar CuX3 units were found in I—III. Structural behaviour relations are discussed, especially with regard to ionic conductivity.
    Notes: Cu2Mo6Cl14 (I), Cu2Mo6Br14 (II) und Cu2Mo6I14 (III) wurden durch thermische Behandlung der Gemenge der binären Halogenide CuX und Mo6X12 im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 in einkristalliner Form erhalten. Röntgenographische Strukturbestimmung wurde an Einkristallen durchgeführt. I und II zeigen Isotypie, Pn3 (Nr. 201, sec. setting) Z = 4, I: a = 12,772(3) Å, II: a = 13,350(2) Å. III weist eigenen Strukturtyp auf: Pbca (Nr. 61), Z = 4, a = 16,058(3) Å, b = 10,643(2) Å, c = 16,963(3) Å. In I—III liegen trigonal planare CuX3-Gruppen vor. Bindungsverhältnisse und Meßergebnisse der Ionenleitfähigkeit werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220415
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von TlPb8O4Br9Professor Rudolf Hoppe zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 491 (1982), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlPb8O4Br9Analytical characterisation and crystal structure determination of TlPb8O4Br9 is reported. This compound is related with the “R-Phase” of the PbO/PbBr2-system. The difference between the reported compound and the “R-Phase” is shown, although their is accordance of the lattice constants. X-ray investigations yield the following crystallographic data: tetragonal system, space group P4/n (No 85), crystal axis a = 12.337, c = 8.214 Å. The crystal structure is described and the observation of the isolated structure group [Pb8O4]8+ is pointed out.
    Notes: Die Verbindung TlPb8O4Br9 wird analytisch charakterisiert und mit der sogenannten R-Phase des Systems PbO/PbBr2 verglichen. Die ermittelte Kristallstruktur wird vorgestellt und diskutiert. Bemerkenswert ist das Auftreten von diskreten Baugruppen [Pb8O4]8+, die untereinander durch eine Bromidionenumgebung abgeschirmt sind. Kristallographische Daten: Tetragonales Kristallsystem, Raumgruppe P4/n (No. 85), a = 12,337, c = 8,214 Å. Es wird ausgeführt, daß die für die R-Phase genannte Zusammensetzung trotz annähernd gleicher Metrik nicht für die vorliegende Verbindung zutreffen kann.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824910124
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Blei(II)-monoglycerat (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 550 (1987), S. 102-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Lead(II) MonoglycerolateCrystals of lead(II) monoglycerolate, of a quality suitable for diffraction studies, have been prepared from an alkaline plumbate solution and an excess of glycerol. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 5.617(6) Å, b = 9.471(8) Å, c = 9.726(7) Å, β = 102.65(11)°. The structure was refined by full matrix least-squares techniques to an R value (1026 F0) of 0.078. The compound to which the formula Pb(C3H6O3) could be assigned, is polymeric in one direction. The lead and a part of the oxygen atoms built up a zig-zag chain parallel to the aaxis. The oxygen form a distorted tetragonal pyramid with lead at the apex. A decomposition temperature of 235°C has been determined.
    Notes: Blei(II)-monoglycerat kristallisiert monoklin (Raumgruppe P21/c) mit a = 5,617(6) Å, b = 9,471(8) Å, c = 9,726(7) Å, β = 102,65(11)° und Z = 4. Die Verfeinerung der Kristallstruktur mittels der Methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadrate ergab R = 0,078.Pb(C3H6O3) zeigt einen bemerkenswerten Aufbau. An der Koordination von Blei sind jeweils vier Glyceratdianionen beteiligt. Dabei heben sich Vierecke, die aus Blei und Sauerstoff gebildet werden, heraus. Diese Vierecke sind zickzackförmig miteinander verbunden und verlaufen parallel zur a-Achse. Untereinander sind diese eindimensional unendlichen Zickzackbänder durch die Glyceratreste abgeschirmt. Nach DTA-Untersuchungen ist die Zersetzungstemperatur von Blei(II)-monoglycerat 235°C.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19875500711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur von AgPb4O4CI, eine kuriose Variante des Blei(II)-oxid-Strukturtyps (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 566 (1988), S. 62-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of AgPb4O4Cl, a Curious Variant of the Tetragonal Structure Type of PbOAgPb4O4Cl was prepared for the first time and the crystal structure was explored by single crystal measurement. The compound crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry in space group P4/n - No. 85 with a = 8.197(2) Å, c = 6.257(4) Å and two formulae per unit cell. The structure was refined by full matrix least-squares techniques to an R value of 0.049. AgPb4O4Cl shows a typical layer structure. Layers of Pb2+, Ag+ and O2- are separated by chloride layers. The crystal-chemical relations to the structural arrangement of the tetragonal modification of PbO is shown.
    Notes: AgPb4O4Cl wurde erstmalig dargestellt und die Kristallstruktur an Einkristallen aufgeklärt. AgPb4O4Cl kristallisiert tetragonal (Raumgruppe P4/n - No. 85) mit a = 8,197(2) Å, c = 6,257(4) Å und Z = 2. Die Verfeinerung der Einkristallmessung mittels der Methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadrate ergab den Gütefaktor Rw = 0.049. AgPb4O4Cl zeigt eine Schichtstruktur, wobei Chloridionen die Schichten aus Pb2+, Ag+ und O2- trennen. Die kristallchemische Beziehung zum Aufbau der tetragonalen Modifikation von PbO wird dargelegt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885660109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AgPbOBr  -  ein neuer Sillén-Typ? Darstellung und KristallstrukturProfessor Hanskarl Müller-Buschbaum zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 597 (1991), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Silver lead oxybromide ; crystal structure ; layer structure ; crystal chemistry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: AgPbOBr  -  a New Sillén Type? Preparation and Crystal StructureAgPbOBr was prepared for the first time. Its crystal structure was explored by single crystal X-ray diffraction. AgPbOBr crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry in space group P 4/nmm - No. 129 with a = 3.891(1) Å, c = 11.07(1) Å and two formulas per unit cell. Least squares refinement yields an weighted R-value of 0.065. AgPbOBr shows a layered structure with components of the crystal structure of red PbO as well as AgBr. Emphasized differences between the crystal structures of AgPbOBr and the X2-types after Sillén's notation [1] are characteristic. AgPbOBr is the first member of a new structure type, arranged between Sillén- and Aurivilliusphases [2].
    Notes: AgPbOBr wurde erstmalig dargestellt und die Kristallstruktur an Einkristallen aufgeklärt. Es kristallisiert tetragonal (Raumgruppe P4/nmm  -  No. 129) mit a = 3,891(1) Å, c = 11,07(1) Å und z = 2. Die Verfeinerung (LSQ) der Einkristallmessung liefert Rw = 0,065. AgPbOBr ist schichtförmig aufgebaut mit aus PbO und AgBr bestehenden Bereichen, die nahezu unverändert dem Bau von PbO und AgBr gleichen. Die Unterschiede zur Kristallstruktur der Sillén-Phasen vom X2-Typ [1] sind charakteristisch. AgPbOBr nimmt kristallchemisch eine Stellung zwischen den Sillén- und den Aurivillius-Phasen [2] (z. B. BiOCl und γ-Bi2 WO6) ein.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19915970118
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