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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and harvesting of semelparous species with phenotypic and genotypic variability in reproductive age (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 33 (1995), S. 521-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Population dynamics modeling ; Evolutionarily stable strategies ; Polymorphic life histories ; Age-at-maturity ; Harvesting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the evolution of polymorphic life histories in anadromous semelparous salmon and the effects of harvesting. We derive dynamic phenotypic and genetic ESS models for describing the evolutionary dynamics. We show in our deterministic analysis that polymorphisms are not possible in a panmictic random mating population. Instead, genetic or behavioral polymorphisms may be observed in populations with assortative mating systems. Positive assortative mating may be supported and generated by behavioral and phenotypic traits like male mate choice, spawning ground selection by phenotype, or within-river homing-migration-distance by size. In the case of an evolutionarily stable dimorphism, the ESS is characterized by a reproductive ideal free distribution such that at an equilibrium the individuals are indifferent from the fitness point of view between the two life histories of early and late reproduction. Different strategy models - that is, phenotypic and genetic ESS models - yield identical behavioral predictions and, consequently, genetics does not seem to play an important role in the present model. An evolutionary response to increased fishing mortality is obvious and may have resource management implications. High sea fishing mortalities drive the populations toward early spawning. Thus it is possible that unselective harvesting at sea may eliminate, depending on the biological system, behavioral polymorphisms or genetic heterozygozity and drive the population to a monomorphic one. If within-river homing migration distances depend on the size of fish, unselective harvesting at sea, or selective harvesting of spawning runs in rivers, may reduce local population sizes on spawning grounds high up rivers. Finally, harvesting in a population may cause a switch in a dominant life-history strategy in a population so that anticipated sustainable yields cannot be realized in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inclusive fitness model for the evolutionary advantage of sibmating (1994)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 8 (1994), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: sibmating ; inbreeding depression ; haplodiploid ; inclusive fitness ; one-locus genetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We construct an inclusive fitness model of the relative selective advantage of sibmating and outbreeding behaviour, under the assumption that inbred offspring pay a fitness penalty. We are particularly interested in the question of whether such inbreeding depression is enough to generate a stable phenotypic polymorphism, with both kinds of breeding observed. The model predicts that, under diploidy, such a polymorphism is never found, but under haplodiploidy, it exists for a narrow range of parameter values. The inclusive fitness argument is technically interesting because care must be taken with reproductive values. We also present a corrected version of a one-locus genetic model for sibmating and find that the inclusive fitness and genetic models give identical results when selection is weak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237666
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasion of sibmating genes in diploid and haplodiploid populations (1992)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 6 (1992), S. 312-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: genetic models ; inbreeding depression ; mating cost ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Existing genetic models of the evolution of sibmating behaviour in diploids incorporate inbreeding depression in terms of reduced fecundity of consanguineous mating pairs rather than reduced survival or fecundity of the progeny of such matings. Here we derive a model to correct this deficiency and extend the model to haplodiploids where differential effects of inbreeding in males and females is a crucial consideration. Our analyses indicate that sibmating can readily evolve in both diploids and haplodiploids in which male mating costs and inbreeding depression are reasonably low, provided there is some mechanism to permit sibmating such as siblings being reared in nests or other forms of aggregation. Our analyses also indicate that once sibmating invades, it typically will go to fixation, although sib-/randommating polymorphisms can persist in both diploids and haplodiploids if male mating costs are close to zero and inbreeding depression reduces survival by around one-third. The conditions favouring sibmating are slightly more restrictive in haplodiploids than in diploids. In light of this we may ask why we see intense sibmating in many haplodiploids such as parasitic wasps, fig wasps, ants, bark beetles and mites, and only rarely in diploid animals. The common factor could be certain kinds of aggregation behaviour that are a prerequisite for sibmating in the absence of kin recognition. Another possibility is that inbreeding depression is likely to be more severe in diploids than in haplodiploids because deleterious recessives are purged from haplodiploid populations when expressed by haploid males. Thus, lower levels of inbreeding depression might be one important reason why sibmating appears to arise more frequently in haplodiploids than diploids. Phylogenetic analysis of groups, such as bark beetles and mites, exhibiting both diploid and haplodiploid populations may be useful in elucidating the relative importance of gregarious behaviour and haplodiploidy in facilitating sibmating systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270968
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