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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritable differences in the response of the braconid waspMicroplitis croceipes to volatile allelochemicals (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoid behavior ; heritable traits ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; allelochemical ; flight response ; host location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The heritable nature of differential responses by Microplitis croceipes(Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to airborne allelochemicals was investigated. Four isofemale lines were tested for three generations in a flight tunnel. Flight response was found to be strongly dependent on the familial origin, with two highly responsive lines being clearly differentiated from two less responsive ones. Each isofemale line could also be recognized by typical behaviors that suggested that M. croceipesfemales may inherit independent characters of sensory acuity to plant and to host chemicals and of learning ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052110
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of plant volatiles in host location by the specialist parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 625-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; cotton ; cowpea ; parasitoid ; host location ; kairomones ; olfaction ; induced plant responses ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to determine the primary source of volatile cues within the plant-host complex used by hostseeking freeflying female Microplitis cro-ceipesCresson in flight tunnel bioassays. In single-source and two-choice tests, using wasps given an oviposition experience on either cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)seedlings damaged by corn earworm (CEW; Helicoverpa zeaBoddie), the damaged seedlings were significantly more attractive than the CEW frass, which was in turn more attractive than the larvae themselves. In a series of two-choice wind-tunnel tests, the discriminatory ability of the wasps was examined, following various oviposition experiences. Significantly more wasps flew to plants with “old” damage than to plants with “fresh” damage, regardless of whether they had experience on fresh or old damage. In a comparison of plant species, wasps with only one experience on either hostdamaged cotton or host-damaged cowpea were unable to distinguish between them, and showed no preference for either plant, whereas wasps with multiple experiences on a particular plant preferentially flew to that plant in the choice test. In comparing hosts with nonhosts, wasps successfully learned to distinguish CEW from beet armyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua)on cotton but were unable to distinguish CEW from either BAW or cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni)on cowpea. The results show the important role played by plant volatiles in the location of hosts by M. croceipesand indicate the wasps’ limitations in discriminating among the various odors. The ecological advantages and disadvantages of this behavior are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048128
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyses of Two Parasitoids with Convergent Foraging Strategies (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 12 (1999), S. 571-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: foraging strategies ; host location ; larval parasitoids ; Microplitis croceipes ; Cardiochiles nigriceps ; Heliothis virescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We compared the foraging strategies of two key braconid endoparasitoids of the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens Fab.), Cardiochiles nigriceps Vier. and Microplitis croceipes Cresson, that differ in host and habitat range but otherwise share comparable, overlapping niches. The most important host-location cues by far for both species were materials associated with damaged plants. Both species demonstrated a significant preference for volatiles released from plants damaged by H. virescens larvae over those released from undamaged tobacco and cotton plants. In choice experiments with damaged tobacco versus cotton, M. croceipes showed a significant preference for cotton plants. In contrast, C. nigriceps preferred damaged tobacco plants. Plant compounds provoked a strong response even when released from systemically induced plants (from which damaged leaves, host, and host by-products were removed). C. nigriceps appears to have a much keener ability to locate hosts over long distances than M. croceipes. This observation may be related to the highly specialized nature of this parasitoid. The possible adaptive significance of the foraging behaviors of these two parasitoids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020967417801
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons and Contrasts in Host-Foraging Strategies of Two Larval Parasitoids with Different Degrees of Host Specificity (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1589-1606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Cotesia marginiventris ; Gossypium hirsutum ; volatile chemicals ; systemic ; generalist ; specialist ; host location ; wind tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In theory, the degree of specificity of the signals a parasitoid species needs to successfully locate its host correlates with its level of specialization. We examined this question by comparing the foraging strategies of two parasitoids that differ in their host ranges. In wind-tunnel experiments, we investigated how systemically released herbivore-induced volatiles were used by the generalist parasitoid,Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) and the specialist,Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). We determined the relative influence of these volatiles as compared to other signals emitted in the host orientation of the two parasitoids. Both the generalist and the specialist parasitoid strongly preferredSpodoptera exigua (Hübner) leaf-induced systemic plants over undamaged plants when no other information was available. When wasps were given a choice between leaf-induced and undamaged plants carrying other plant- or host-related materials, the responses differed for the two species.C. marginiventris appeared to cue primarily on recent damage volatiles, whereasM. croceipes appeared to cue primarily on host frass volatiles. However, recent damage on previously leaf-induced plants, was strongly preferred to recent damage on plants previously damaged by both species. When plants were induced at the squares byHelicoverpa zea (Boddie), onlyM. croceipes exhibited a preference for these plants over undamaged plants. The adaptive significance of the behaviors as related to dietary specializations of the parasitoids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006424.41365.0d
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