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  • proliferation  (3)
  • histone gene expression  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional element H4-site II of cell cycle regulated human H4 histone genes is a multipartite protein/DNA interaction site for factors HiNF-D, HiNF-M, and HiNF-P: Involvement of phosphorylation (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 46 (1991), S. 174-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: phosphorylation ; cell cycle ; proliferation ; transcription ; histone ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cell cycle regulated gene expression was studied by analyzing protein/DNA interactions occurring at the H4-Site II transcriptional element of H4 histone genes using several approaches. We show that this key proximal promoter element interacts with at least three distinct sequence-specific DNA binding activities, designated HiNF-D, HiNF-M, and HiNF-P. HiNF-D binds to an extended series of nucleotides, whereas HiNF-M and HiNF-P recognize sequences internal to the HiNF-D binding domain. Gel retardation assays show that HiNF-D and HiNF-M each are represented by two distinct protein/DNA complexes involving the same DNA binding activity. These results suggest that these factors are subject to post-translational modifications. Dephosphorylation experiments in vitro suggest that both electrophoretic mobility and DNA binding activities of HiNF-D and HiNF-M are sensitive to phosphatase activity. We deduce that these factors may require a basal level of phosphorylation for sequence specific binding to H4-Site II and may represent phosphoproteins occurring in putative hyper- and hypo-phosphorylated forms. Based on dramatic fluctuations in the ratio of the two distinct HiNF-D species both during hepatic development and the cell cycle in normal diploid cells, we postulate that this modification of HiNF-D is related to the cell cycle. However, in several tumor-derived and transformed cell types the putative hyperphosphorylated form of HiNF-D is constitutively present. These data suggest that deregulation of a phosphatase-sensitive post-translational modification required for HiNF-D binding is a molecular event that reflects abrogation of a mechanism controlling cell proliferation. Thus, phosphorylation and dephosphosphorylation of histone promoter factors may provide a basis for modulation of protein/DNA interactions and H4 histone gene transcription during the cell cycle and at the onset of quiescence and differentiation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240460211
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of heat shock genes during differentiation of mammalian osteoblasts and promyelocytic leukemia cells (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 48 (1992), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: HL-60 cells ; bone ; proliferation ; gene regulation ; hsp27 ; hsp60 ; hsp70 ; hsp89α ; hsp89β ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The progressive differentiation of both normal rat osteoblasts and HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells involves the sequential expression of specific genes encoding proteins that are characteristic of their respective developing cellular phenotypes. In addition to the selective expression of various phenotype marker genes, several members of the heat shock gene family exhibit differential expression throughout the developmental sequence of these two cell types. As determined by steady state mRNA levels, in both osteoblasts and HL-60 cells expression of hsp27, hsp60, hsp70, hsp89α, and hsp89β may be associated with the modifications in gene expression and cellular architecture that occur during differentiation.In both differentiation systems, the expression of hsp27 mRNA shows a 2.5-fold increase with the down-regulation of proliferation while hsp60 mRNA levels are maximal during active proliferation and subsequently decline post-proliferatively. mRNA expression of two members of the hsp90 family decreases with the shutdown of proliferation, with a parallel relationship between hsp89α mRNA levels and proliferation in osteoblasts and a delay in down-regulation of hsp89α mRNA levels in HL-60 cells and of hsp89β mRNA in both systems. Hsp70 mRNA rapidly increases, almost twofold, as proliferation decreases in HL-60 cells but during osteoblast growth and differentiation was only minimally detectable and showed no significant changes. Although the presence of the various hsp mRNA species is maintained at some level throughout the developmental sequence of both osteoblasts and HL-60 cells, changes in the extent to which the heat shock genes are expressed occur primarily in association with the decline of proliferative activity. The observed differences in patterns of expression for the various heat shock genes are consistent with involvement in mediating a series of regulatory events functionally related to the control of both cell growth and differentiation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240480308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histone gene transcription: A model for responsiveness to an integrated series of regulatory signals mediating cell cycle control and proliferation/differentiation interrelationships (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 54 (1994), S. 393-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cell cycle control ; histone gene expression ; S-phase ; regulatory signals ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Histone gene expression is restricted to the S-phase of the cell cycle. Control is at multiple levels and is mediated by the integration of regulatory signals in response to cell cycle progression and the onset of differentiation. The H4 gene promoter is organized into a series of independent and overlapping regulatory elements which exhibit selective, phosphorylation-dependent interactions with multiple transactivation factors. The three-dimensional organization of the promoter and, in particular, its chromatin structure, nucleosome organization, and interactions with the nuclear matrix may contribute to interrelationships of activities at multiple promoter elements. Molecular mechanisms are discussed that may participate in the coordinate expression of S-phase-specific core and H1 histone genes, together with other genes functionally coupled with DNA replication.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240540406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Downregulation of histone H4 gene transcription during postnatal development in transgenic mice and at the onset of differentiation in transgenically derived calvarial osteoblast cultures (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 49 (1992), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: CAT assays ; histone gene expression ; H4 promoter activity ; proliferating osteoblasts ; transcriptional regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In vivo regulation of cell cycle dependent human histone gene expression was examined in transgenic mice using a fusion construct containing 6.5 kB of a human H4 promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Transcriptional control of histone gene expression, as a function of proliferative activity, was determined. We established the relationship between DNA replication dependent H4 mRNA levels (Northern blot analysis) and H4 promoter activity (CAT assay) during postnatal development in a broad spectrum of tissues. In most tissues sampled in adult animals, the cellular representation of H4 gene transcripts declined in parallel with promoter activity. This result is consistent with transcriptional control of H4 gene expression at the cessation of proliferation. Interestingly, while H4 mRNA was detectable at very low levels post-proliferatively in brain, promoter activity persisted in adult brain, where most of the cells are terminally differentiated. This dissociation between histone gene promoter activity and histone mRNA accumulation points to the possibility of post-transcriptional regulation of histone gene expression in brain. Cultures of osteoblasts were prepared from calvaria of transgenic mice carrying the H4 promoter/CAT reporter construct. In contrast to the brain, in these bone-derived cells, we established by immunohistochemistry that the transition to the quiescent, differentiated state is associated with a transcriptionally mediated downregulation of histone gene expression at the single cell level.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240490206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of a proliferation specific gene during development of the osteoblast phenotype by mRNA differential display (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 64 (1997), S. 106-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: osteoblasts ; proliferation ; growth control ; differential display ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fetal rat calvarial-derived osteoblasts in vitro (ROB) reinitiate a developmental program from growth to differentiation concomitant with production of a bone tissue-like organized extracellular matrix. To identify novel genes which may mediate this sequence, we isolated total RNA from three stages of the cellular differentiation process (proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization), for screening gene expression by the differential mRNA display technique. Of 15 differentially displayed bands that were analyzed by Northern blot analysis, one prominent 310 nucleotide band was confirmed to be proliferation-stage specific. Northern blot analysis showed a 600-650 nt transcript which was highly expressed in proliferating cells and decreased to trace levels after confluency and throughout the differentiation process. We have designated this transcript PROM-1 (for proliferating cell marker). A full length PROM-1 cDNA of 607 bp was obtained by 5′ RACE. A short open reading frame encoded a putative 37 amino acid peptide with no significant similarity to known sequences. Expression of PROM-1 in the ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cell line was several fold greater than in normal diploid cells and was not downregulated when ROS 17/2.8 cells reached confluency. The relationship of PROM-1 expression to cell growth was also observed in diploid fetal rat lung fibroblasts. Hydroxyurea treatment of proliferating osteoblasts blocked PROM-1 expression; however, its expression was not cell cycle regulated. Upregulation of PROM-1 in response to TGF-β paralleled the stimulatory effects on growth as quantitated by histone gene expression. In conclusion, PROM-1 represents a small cytoplasmic polyA containing RNA whose expression is restricted to the exponential growth period of normal diploid cells; the gene appears to be deregulated in tumor derived cell lines. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:106-116. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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