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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytology and leafspot resistance in Arachis hypogaea x wild species hybrids (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 885-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; groundnut ; peanut ; interspecific hybrids ; Cercospora arachidicola ; leafspot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Introgression of germplasm from diploid wild Arachis species to A. hypogaea has great potential for improving pest resistance in cultivated peanuts. This investigation evaluated methods for incorporating exotic germplasm into cultivated peanuts, especially for Cercospora arachidicola Hori resistance. Interspecific hybrids between A. hypogaea (cvs. NC 2 and NC 5) and the wild species A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. and A. chacoense Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. were analyzed cytologically and for leafspot resistance. All F1 hybrids were sterile, had irregular meiosis, and very few multivalents. They were highly resistant to C. arachidicola in field tests and had a 10-fold reduction of conidia per lesion in the greenhouse as compared to A. hypogaea cultivars. After colchicine treatments of F1 hybrids, hexaploids (2n=60) and aneuploids (2n=54, 56, 63) were observed. The hexaploids had up to 18 univalents per pollen mother cell and very few multivalents, indicating a low frequency of intergenomic chromosome pairing. For C. arachidicola resistance, significant differences were not found among wild species parents, F1 hybrids and two generations of hexaploids. Most hexaploids were stable at 2n=60 and embryos aborted when backcrosses with the respective wild species were attempted. However, when hexaploids were backcrossed to A. hypogaea, several fertile pentaploid (2n=50) offspring were obtained. Use of self-pollinating pentaploids is believed to be the quickest method to recover 40-chromosome hybrid derivatives in these hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039228
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent selection progress in a population derived from an interspecific peanut cross (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; peanut ; groundnut ; recurrent selection ; interspecific hybrid ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two cycles of recurrent selection for yield were previously conducted using a population of Arachis hypogaea L.-like tetraploid hybrid derivatives selected from among the progeny of a cross between A. hypogaea and A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., a diploid species with resistance to late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Burk. and Curt.) Deighton). Using the 10 highest yielding parents from each of the above cycles of recurrent selection, a study was conducted for 12 morphological traits and susceptibility to leafspot infection in a replicated test at a single location. The two parents used to initiate the interspecific hybrid population (PI 261942-3 and A. cardenasii) as well as two adapted cultivars (Florigiant and NC 7) were included as checks. The objectives of the study were to determine the amount of genetic variation remaining in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection in order to predict whether further progress from selection could be expected and determine the potential for utilizing wild species for the improvement of quantitative traits in peanut. The results indicate that significant levels of genetic variation remain in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection for all traits measured, including several components of yield and leafspot resistance. This suggests that continued progress in population improvement from further cycles of selection should be possible while enhancing the genetic diversity of cultivated peanut germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021318
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilizing Arachis cardenasii as a source of Cercospora leafspot resistance for peanut improvement (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 529-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogae ; groundnut ; Arachis cardenasii ; interspecific hybrids ; Cercospora arachidicola ; cercospora leafspot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Advanced generation 40-chromosome hybrids between A. hypogaea (2n=4x=40) and a wild diploid species. A. cardenasii were evaluated for early leafspot, Cercospora arachidicola resistance and agronomic potential. The objective of this investigation was to determine if early leafspot resistance derived from a wild species could be incorporated into the A. hypogaea genome. Interspecific hybrid selections were made and then compared in the field and greenhouse to susceptible cultivars and to A. hypogaea lines which are reported to be resistant to early leafspot. Significantly higher levels of resistance were found in five hybrid selections than in cultivated lines based on numbers of lesions per leaf. In a greenhouse study, several hybrid selections also had greatly reduced sporulation from lesions as compared to A. hypogaea. Several mechanisms of resistance are believed to be present. Although hybrid selections had small seeds and low yields as compared to A. hypogaea, a new and valuable source of early leafspot resistance derived from the species A. cardenasii is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021154
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in progenies of an Arachis hypogaea x diploid wild species hybrid (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 675-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; groundnut ; peanut ; Arachis sp. ; germplasm ; interspecific hybrids ; Cercospora arachidicola ; Cercosporidium ; leafspot ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Derivatives of a cross between cultivated peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L. (2n=40), and the wild species collection GKP 10017 (2n=20) were compared morphologically, for leafspot resistance and for yield. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of wild species germplasm on the A. hypogaea genome. The sterile F1 hybrid which resulted from crossing the two species was treated with colchicine to restore fertility at the 6x ploidy level. The resulting hexaploid was cytologically unstable and progeny lost chromosomes until stability was regained at the 2n=40 chromosome level. Forty-seven characters were used to analyze the variation among plants in the tetraploid interspecific hybrid population. The plants were compared to four cultivated lines plus GKP 10017. Many hybrids were intermediate to the two parents in morphology. Individual traits such as growth habit, pod and seed size, elongation of the constricted area between pods, nodulation and leaflet size were altered by the presence of GKP 10017 germplasm in many of the hybrid plants. Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton resistances were evaluated for all plants. Several hybrids had few lesions due to either leafspot pathogen. In addition, 24 largeseeded interspecific hybrid selections were compared to the cultivated variety NC 5 for yield. Five selections were superior to both parents at p=0.01. Morphology, disease resistance and yields appeared to be greatly influenced by the wild species GKP 10017 germplasm in plants of the interspecific hybrid population. The potentials of using wild species for improvement of the cultivated peanut are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038934
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