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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein yield of oats as determined by protein percentage and grain yield (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 21-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; phenotypic correlations ; transgressive segregation ; protein yield ; grain yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Relationships among the traits protein percentage, grain yield, and protein yield of oats were studied with F2-derived lines in F3 and F4 from 27 matings obtained by crossing high-protein with high-yield oat lines. High-protein parents were (a) selections from an Avena sativa bulk, (b) selections from three-way matings in which an initial parent was A. sterilss, and (c) cultivars. High-yield parents were derived from backcross populations involving A. sterilis accessions as donor parents. Significnnt genetic variation existed among F2-derived lines for grain and protein yield in all matings and for protein percentage in all but one mating. Protein percentage had a highly significant negative correlation with grain yield (r=−0.33**) when pooled over all matings, but in five, these two traits were not correlated. Overall, protein percentage showed a small negative correlation with protein yield (r=−0.09*), and protein and grain yields had a high positive association (r=0.98**). F2-derived lines with both high protein percentage and high grain yield were obtained. High transgressive segregates for protein percentage occurred in two matings, for grain yield in nine, and for protein yield in 14. Most high transgressive segregates for protein yield were high because of high grain yield only, but in four matings, lines were found where protein yield was increased by concurrent increases in both protein percentage and grain yield. Only a few specific parental combinations between high-protein and high-yield parents produced segregates in which increased protein percentage contributed materially to high-protein yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022860
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeatability of regression stability indexes for grain yield of oats (Avena sativa L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; grain yield ; regression stability index ; repeatability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two lines of descent were established from an F3 bulk lot of oats (Avena sativa L.) initiated by mixing seeds from approximately 250 crosses. For one line of descent, seeds were radiated with thermal neutrons or X-rays from F3 through F6, followed by five generations of bulk propagation. The second was propagated for 10 generations. No artificial selection was practiced in either line of descent. Grain yield data from 20 random strains from each of four generations from the radiated (F7, F8, F9, and F11) and five from the nonradiated (F3, F6, F7, F8, and F12) line of descent and 20 check cultivars tested in 14 environments were used for estimating regression stability indexes of oat strains. The 14 environments were assigned randomly to two sets of seven, and regression stability indexes were computed for the 180 experimental oat strains for both sets. Intrageneration correlations between regression stability indexes from the two sets of environments ranged from −0.35 to 0.64 (18 d.f.), and only one of nine was significant, indicating poor repeatability for estimates of this statistic computed from different sets of environments. Correlations between regression stability indexes from two sets of environments, one in which the environments varied by soil nitrogen levels and a second in which they varied by soil phosphorus levels, ranged from −0.01 to 0.28, none of which was significant. The relative magnitudes and ranking of the regression stability index values for the oat genotypes were nearly identical when environmental productivity indexes were assessed with any number of check cultivars from 2 to 20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041525
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgressive segregation in inter and intraspecific crosses of barley (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 585-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum spontaneum ; wild barley ; interspecific crosses ; harvest index ; grain yield ; effective factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six populations of F2-derived lines of barley and their parents were evaluated for heading date, plant height, grain yield, bundle weight, and harvest index in a replicated experiment in the field. These data were used to estimate the minimum number of effective factor pairs segregating for each trait, the number of favorable factors contributed by each parent in a cross, and the frequencies and magnitudes of transgressive segregates. Heading date, plant height, and harvest index were controlled by three to four effective factor pairs, whereas grain yield and bundle weight were controlled by five or more. All three H. spontaneum strains used in our study contributed one or more useful genes for each of the traits, grain yield, heading date, plant height, bundle weight, and harvest index. Therefore, it seems that H. spontaneum can be a useful source of favorable genes for quantitative traits, especially for grain yield, which could be incorporated into barley varieties readily by backcrossing. Transgressive segregates for grain yield in the interspecific crosses may provide the basic materials for improving the productivity of cultivated barley varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth rate inheritance and associations with other traits in backcross populations of Avena sativa x A. sterilis (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 309-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; Avena sterilis ; interspecific cross ; growth rate ; straw yield ; grain yield ; heading date ; harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Improved grain yields in lines of oats from matings of Avena sativa x A. sterilis were found to be due to increased plant growth rate. Growth rates of oats were quantitatively inherited, with the minimum number of effective factor pairs segregating in the interspecific matings ranging from 3 to 9. Heritability values for this trait averaged 0.4. Growth rate was highly and positively correlated with bundle weight, straw yield, grain yield, and unit straw weight, but it was uncorrelated with heading date and harvest index. Correlations with plant height were low. Thus, it should be possible for oat breeders to combine the high growth rates from A. sterilis with any combination of agronomic traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026992
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of growth rate and harvest index to grain yield of oats (Avena sativa L.) following selfing and outcrossing of M1 plants (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; growth rate ; harvest index ; grain yield ; mutation breeding ; mutagenesis ; induced variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three populations of oats, each with 790 lines, were derived from CI 7555: (a) one (M population) consisted of M2-derived lines obtained from EMS treatment of naked seeds, (b) one (O population) consisted of F2-derived lines from crosses of M1 with check plants, and (c) one (C population) consisted of check lines. About 98% of the grain yield (GYD) variation in each population was due to variation in growth rate (GR) and harvest index (HI). There was greater variation for both GR and HI in M and O than in the C population, showing that mutations were induced for both traits. Generally, mutations for these two traits were for reduced expression: high HI and GR are desired in a practical oat breeding program, so most induced mutations were deleterious. Mutation breeding, either with direct selection or outerossing to release the induced mutations, does not appear to be a desirable method for improving GR or HI of oats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056578
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain yield response and stability for oat lines with low-, medium-, and high-yielding ability (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; grain yield ; yield response ; yield stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Relationships that exist among grain yielding ability and response and stability of grain yields when tested over variable environments were examined. Two sets of oats lines were tested over many environments that had wide ranges in productivities. The lines in each set were divided into high-, medium-, and low-yielding groups on the basis of means across all environments, and variance components for genotype × environment interactions and means of regression responses and coefficients of determination were computed for the three yield categories in each set. Mean grain yields for the high-, medium-, and low-yielding groups across both sets of oats lines were 2.7, 2.3, and 1.9 Mg ha-1, respectively. Coefficients of variability for the genotype × environment interaction were 18%, 16%, and 12% for the high-, medium-, and low-yielding categories, respectively. Means for regression responses were 1.22 for the high group, 0.99 for the medium, and 0.78 for the low. Most responses for the high and low groups were significantly different from 1.0. Means for coefficients of contingency were 0.63, 0.56, and 0.51 for the high-, medium-, and lowyielding groups, respectively. There was a positive relationship between mean grain yield and response of grain yield to improving environments. Thus, high yielding lines are also the responsive lines. Our study gave conflicting results about stability of production for the three yield groups. Coefficients of variation for genotype × environment interaction indicated that the high-yielding group was more interactive with environments than were the medium- and low-yielding ones: However, the means for coefficients of contingency indicated that the high yielding group was the most stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730655
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of variation among morphological and physiological traits in three pearl millet composites (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 233-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum ; pearl millet ; factor analysis ; morphological traits ; physiological traits ; grain yield ; yield determinants ; pleiotropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The plant breeder's task of improving and stabilizing many plant traits simultaneously is complicated by interrelationships that occur among the traits. Factor analyses were conducted on three phenotypically diverse pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] composites to describe the structure of relationships among yield, morphological, and physiological traits. Approximately 1000 S0 spaced-plants from each composite were evaluated for 20 traits, and random samples of 289 S1 progenies from each composite were evaluated for 18 of these traits. Factors extracted in S0 and S1 populations identified unique sets of traits that were interrelated along axes of (a) biological yield, (b) panicle size, (c) dry matter partitioning and (d) compensation between number and size of seeds. Several plant traits had large loading coefficients on the ‘Biological Yield’ and also, but with opposite signs, on the ‘Dry Matter Partitioning’ factor. The traits having large loading on these two factors differed between space-planted and normal-density stands, showing that environmental conditions contributed to the associations observed among traits. Correlations of S1 with parental S0 factor scores for the ‘Biological Yield’, ‘Panicle Size’ and ‘Seed Paramters’ factors produced significant correlation coefficients, indicating that these trait complexes had a genetic basis. The implications of these results for millet breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023058
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic interrelations among grain quality indicators and agronomic traits for oat (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 60 (1992), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; genotypic correlations ; grain quality ; grain yield ; oat ; predicted gain from selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Test weight, seed weight, and groat percentage are three common measures of grain quality for oat (Avena sativa L.). There is considerable disagreement, however, about the utility of each of these traits as measures of grain quality, so it is important to understand the genetic interrelations among them and between them and other agronomic traits. In this study, 50 random F2-derived F3 lines from each of 13 biparental oat crosses were evaluated. Genotypic variances, heritabilities, and genotypic correlations for test weight (TW), seed weight (SW), groat percentage (GP), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), plant height (PH), and date of heading (DH) were used to predict and compare direct and indirect gains from single-trait selection. Direct selection was always the most effective method for improving single traits; average predicted improvement of population means was 4% for TW, 10% for SW, 1% for GP, and 14% for GY when 10% selection intensity was applied. Genotypic correlation coefficients, averaged for all crosses, were 0.04 for TW with SW, 0.37 for TW with GP, -0.09 for SW with GP, and 0.29, 0.36, and 0.30 for GY with TW, SW, and GP, respectively. Thus, direct selection for TW, SW, or GP should not greatly affect the other two grain quality indicators. For the seven traits considered, there seemed to be no large advantage or disadvantage, in terms of correlated responses, associated with selection for any of the grain quality indicators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029670
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain-yield characteristics of oat lines surviving uniform and shuttle selection strategies (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 76 (1994), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oat ; grain yield ; yield stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four selection strategies were used on four sets of oat lines to select for grain yield. Two of these used uniform environments whereby sequential selection of the high-yielding lines occurred in continuous high- or continuous low-productivity environments. These are referred to as high and low uniform selection strategies, respectively. The other two selection strategies were conducted by sequential selection of the high-yielding lines in alternating high- and low-productivity environments. They are referred to as high and low shuttle selection strategies, respectively, with high and low designating the productivity of the first environment in the sequence. After three or four cycles of selection, the surviving lines and a random sample from each set were evaluated for mean grain yield, grain yield response to improving environments, and stability of grain yield, in a range of environments typical of oat production on Iowa farms. Grain yield and regression response for all selection strategies, when calculated across all sets of lines, were significantly greater than corresponding values for random samples. Stability was unchanged. The uniform-high and uniform-low strategies gave the greatest and the smallest gains in mean grain yield, respectively, with the shuttle strategies giving intermediate gains. Shuttle selection in predominantly high-productivity environments increased grain yield more than shuttle selection in predominantly low-productivity environments. The uniform-strategy followed by the shuttle-high strategy identified entries with superior performance in high productivity environments. Increased gain in mean grain yield across all environments was associated with increased number of selection cycles conducted in high-productivity environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and indirect selection for grain yield in oats (avena sativa L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; grain yield ; direct selection for yield ; indirect selection for yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Direct and indirect selection for increased grain yield were carried out on a population of 678 F2-derived lines of oats. A selection intensity of 10% was used with direct selection (selection for grain yield itself) and with indirect selection using three criteria, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and the index of harvest index + vegetative growth rate. Expected gains from 1978 evaluations were compared to actual gains measured in 1980. Actual grain yield increases were 4, 8, 7, and 6% from selection via harvest index, vegetative growth rate, grain yield, and harvest index + vegetative growth rate, respectively. Thus, indirect selection via vegetative growth rate gave a greater increase in grain yield than did direct selection. Heritability values computed via components of variance ranged from 0.50 to0.57 for the three traits, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and grain yield, whereas regression heritabilities ranged from 0.41 to 0.55. Realized heritabilities were 0.33, 1.00 and 0.89 for the three traits, respectively. Selection via all criteria caused significant changes in nearly all agronomic traits except weight per volume. Vegetative growth rate, which gave the greatest gain in grain yield, caused less drastic changes in days to anthesis, plant height, biological yield, and vegetative yield than did direct selection for grain yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021449
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