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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 827-832 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: gelatin ; surfactant ; complex formation ; molecular weight distribution ; surface tension ; surface rheology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstracts Adsorption layers of gelatin solutions with different weight averages and ash contents modified by the addition of surfactants (Na-dodecylsulfate, Hexadecyltri-methylammonium-bromide) were characterized by measuring the surface equilibrium tension and surface rheological creep curves. The surface tension isotherms of the gelatin system with a low ash content and a narrow distribution of the molecular weight shows a break at surfactant concentrations below the CMC. The strongly pronounced surface viscoplastic properties at this concentration point confirms the existence of a saturated adsorption layer, containing gelatin surfactant complexes of high surface activity. The constant surface tension and the slight decrease of surface viscosity with increasing surfactant concentration on the one hand refers to a complex formation with a discrete mechanism and on the other hand an expansion of the surface layer towards the bulk. At surfactant concentrations higher then the CMCs of the pure surfactants, surface tension values are obtained which agree with those of the pure surfactants connected with a simultaneous decrease of surface viscosity by some orders of magnitude. The results of the systems with a wide distribution of molecular weight and a small ash content show that the maximum binding capacity of the gelatin only negligibly depends on the distribution. In contrast the isotherms show characteristic changes of the formation of multiple equilibriums of complex with different surface activity. A high ash content causes a shift of the isotherms to lower surfactant concentrations. In the presence of a cationic surfactant in the concentration range of the plateau in theσ-log C — isotherm and at maximum surface viscosities a precipitation of insoluble complexes appears. The specific effect of a high ash content is that of an addition of a corresponding electrolyte.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Adsorptionsschichten tensidmodifizierter Gelatinelösungen verschiedener Molmasseverteilung und unterschiedlichen Aschegehaltes wurden durch Messung der Oberflächenspannung und oberflächenrheologischer Kriechdeformationskurven charakterisiert. Die Oberflächenspannungsisothermen der Gelatinesysteme mit geringem Aschegehalt und einer engen Molmasseverteilung weisen bei Tensidkonzentrationen unterhalb der CMC der ionogenen Tenside einen Knickpunkt auf. Die ausgeprägt viskoplastischen Eigenschaften der Phasengrenzschicht in diesem Bereich bestätigen die Existenz einer gesättigten Adsorptionsschicht, bestehend aus Gelatine-Tensid-Komplexen hoher Grenzflächenaktivität. Die Konstanz der Oberflächenspannung bei gleichzeitigen geringem Abfall der Ober-flächenviskosität bei weiterer Erhöhung der Tensidkonzentration weist einerseits auf die Komplexbildung nach einem diskreten Mechanismus und andererseits auf die Ausdehnung der Phasengrenzschicht in Bereiche der Subphase hin. Bei Tensidkonzentrationen oberhalb der CMC der Tenside erreicht die Oberflächenspannung Werte, die denen des gelatinefreien Tensidsystems entsprechen, verbunden mit einer Verringerung der Oberflächenviskosität um mehrere Größenordnungen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen der Systeme, welche eine Gelatine mit einer breiten Molmasseverteilung bei gleichzeitig geringem Aschegehalt beinhalten, zeigen, daß das maximale Bindungsvermögen der Gelatine von der Molmasseverteilung vernachlässigbar gering beeinflußt wird. Demgegenüber weisen die Oberflächenspannungsisothermen für die Ausbildung von Mehrfachgleichgewichten von Komplexen unterschiedlicher Grenflächenaktivität charakteristische Änderungen des Kurvenverlaufs auf. Ein hoher Aschegehalt bewirkt eine Verschiebung der Oberflächenspannungsisotherme zu geringeren Tensidkonzentrationen. Im Bereich des Plateaus der Oberflächenspannungsisotherme und der maximalen Oberflächenviskosität kommt es bei Anwesenheit eines kationogenen Tensids zu einer Fällung unlöslicher Komplexe. Die spezifische Wirkung des hohen Aschegehaltes entspricht der eines entsprechenden Elektrolytzusatzes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 926-929 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Adsorption ; interfacial tension ; gelatin ; sodium dodecylsulphate ; toluene ; diethylphthalate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The adsorption isotherms between aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylsulphate and gelatin against air, toluene, or diethylphthalate were determined using the spinning drop method. The results qualitatively and quantitatively agreed with those found by surface tension measurements on sodium dodecylsulphate/gelatin solutions using the ring method in the version of Du Noüy. Interaction between gelatin and the surfactant will yield complexes which are more interfacially active than the components by themselves. The saturation of the interfaces occurs at lower concentrations than in solutions of the single components.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Circular dichroism ; gelatin ; sodium alkyl sulphates ; aqueousgelatinsolutions ; secondary structure ; pH ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The modification of the triple helical structure in aqueous gelatin solutions by changing pH and adding alkyl sulphates at 298 K and after rechilling the solution to 283 K was investigated by CD-measurement. At 298 K the triple helical content at the IEP of the gelatin has its maximum value. It is only weakly affected by adding sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDDS) at concentrations 〈10−4 M/dm3. The unfolding of the triple helix affected by pH and SDDS is reversible by rechilling the solution. The triple helical content of gelatin solutions decreases at SDDS concentrations higher than 10−4 M/dm3. In all cases the decrease of the amount of triple helical structure is connected with an increase of the cis-configuration in single chains and leads to chain reversals. At sufficiently high SDDS concentrationsβ-sheets are formed. These changes are thermally irreversible. Sodium decyl sulphate (SDS) has a more minor influence than SDDS except in the range of the c.m.c. of SDS. At sufficiently high SDS concentrations,β-turns appear.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Circulardichroism ; gelatin ; nonionicsurfactants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Using CD-measurements the influence of nonionic surfactants (dodecyl polyoxyethylene, ethoxylated para tert. octyl phenol, commercial nonionic WON 100 and octyl diethyl phosphinoxid) on the secondary structure of gelatin in aqueous solutions was investigated. At surfactant concentrations smaller than the c.m.c. the triple helical content of the gelatin is increased. At concentrations exceeding the c.m.c. the triple helical content decreases. Chain reversals of the peptide chains after the destruction of the triple helical structure were shown to appear in acidic environment at 298 K. This destruction is reversible by rechilling the solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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