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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11)
  • free volume  (1)
  • gas separation  (1)
  • polyimide  (1)
  • polyimides  (1)
  • time dependent diffusion  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (11)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 535-541 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Melting and glass transition data are reported employing DSC for styrene-grafted high-density polyethylene obtained by γ radiation. Judging from the data of the melting point and the heat of fusion, the grafted polystyrene had no effect on the polyethylene crystallites, but the half-width of the thermogram was observed to increase slightly, showing an effect on the crystallite size distribution. As no effect was observed on the glass transition temperature by grafting, the amorphous region of the polyethylene apparently was not affected. It is suggested, therefore, that the free volume or segmental mobility will not be decreased by radiation-induced grafting. Very few but long grafted chains had negligible effect on the average polyethylene chain length available for segmental motion, and grafted polystyrene should be expected to differ little from the styrene homopolymer in thermal motions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 3589-3592 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 2413-2419 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hardware and software for collecting and storing the data of gas permeation in polymer membranes from the vacuum detector and various sensors have been developed for the GP-IB microcomputer online system. The system uses BASIC language programs. In comparison to manual inputs and calculations, the programs allow reductions in the time required for data treatment and in the standard deviation for a determination and, moreover, an improvement in the reproducibility of the results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 703-714 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Diffusion and solubility coefficient data of gases for styrene-grafted high-density polyethylene obtained by γ-irradiation are reported. Diffusion coefficients were determined by the time lag method. Solubility coefficients were determined by a new, more accurate static method. Densities and volume fractions of grafted polystyrene were calculated from the observed values of extent of grafting and density of the graft copolymer films. The solubility coefficients obey simple additivity in terms of volume fraction of side-chain polystyrene and amorphous polyethylene. However, behavior of the diffusion coefficients is more complex. Inasmuch as diffusion is a kinetic process, it is influenced by morphology. The experimental results reported here, together with x-ray diffraction and DSC data, provide a basis for discussing the morphology of the graft copolymers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 1829-1839 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The sorption and diffusion of gases in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films have been measured by using a newly devised apparatus which gives the sorption rate curves from the initial to the equilibrium state. By analysis of sorption data for carbon dioxide in PET film, it was shown that the diffusion rate, as well as the equilibrium solubilities, could be explained by the dual-mode sorption mechanism proposed by Vieth et al. Constants of their equation were used in the analysis of our experimental results, in which the apparent diffusion coefficients were dependent on pressure. The result showed that the dual-mode sorption mechanism indeed applies to diffusion. The value of the real diffusivity obtained in amorphous PET was 5.7 × 10-9 (± 8%) cm2/sec in the range of pressure from 0 to 1 atm. It is believed that this apparatus has wide applicability, not only to diffusion of gases in polymers, but also to the measurement of surface properties, and can be used to study the morphology of a variety of polymers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 189-198 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Temperature dependences of diffusion and permeation coefficients of hydrogen and deuterium in glassy and rubbery polymer films have been measured. The size of the free volume element in rubbery polymers has been calculated according to the theory of Frisch and Rogers for the quantum isotope effect, but the free volume is too large for precise calculation below the glass-transition temperature. The cooperative movement of segments is also discussed using the ratio of preexponential factors for diffusion mechanisms above and below the glass-transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1621-1632 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The permeability and time lag at pressures below 1 atm were measured for carbon dioxide in five polystyrene samples with different molecular weights at 25 to 40°C. The apparent permeability coefficient decreases with increasing carbon dioxide pressure and also decreases with increasing molecular weight of polystyrene, whereas the apparent diffusion coefficient calculated from time lag increases with pressure and is independent of molecular weight. Parameters for the partial-immobilization model were determined from the apparent diffusion and permeation coefficients by using a nonlinear least-squares optimization program without using sorption data. The results suggest that the void-saturation constant C′H decreases as the molecular weight of the polymer increases or as the chain-end free volume decreases. The significance of these observation and their interpretation is discussed in terms of free-volume theory for glassy polymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1939-1944 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Numerical solutions were applied to the dual-mode sorption and transport model for gas permeation, sorption, and desorption rate curves allowing for mobility of the Langmuir component. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between integral diffusion coefficient from sorption and desorption rate curves and apparent diffusion coefficient from permeation rate curves (time lag method). These rate curves were also compared to the curves predicted by Fickian-type diffusion equations. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 497-503 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: substituent group of polyimide ; sorption and diffusion of gas ; free volume ; cohesive energy density ; activation energy for diffusion ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Sorption rate curves of CO2, N2, and He gases below 1 atm were measured for polyimide films prepared from benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with 3,5-diaminotoluene trifluoride (DATF), 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), and diaminobenzoic acid (DABA). The molecular structures of these four polyimides differ only in the substituent groups of the diamine structure. These polyimides exhibit dualmode type sorption isotherms for carbon dioxide that are concave to the pressure axis, typical of glassy polymer/gas system. The apparent diffusion coefficients below 1 atm pressure of carbon dioxide for this series of compounds decrease in the order: BTDA-DATF 〉 BTDA-DAT 〉 BTDA-MPD 〉 BTDA-DABA. A linear relation between the logarithm of the apparent diffusion coefficient and the reciprocal of free volume, calculated by the method of Bondi using density data, is found for these polyimides. However, this tendency is not observed for the other two gases. The activation energies of the apparent diffusion coefficients at 20 cmHg pressure of carbon dioxide increase with increasing cohesive energy density of the polyimides. The energy per mole of free volume elements in a liquidlike structure in each cohesive energy density may be equated to the activation energy and used to calculate the free volume. The values from the activation energy are almost the same as those from Bondi's method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 777-784 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: permeation rate curve ; sorption rate curve ; polyimides ; chemical structure ; cohesive energy density ; gas separation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The permeation rate curves and sorption rate curves of oxygen and nitrogen below 1.3 atm were measured for seven polyimides of which chemical structures were systematically changed. These rate curves were applied Fickian model curves. The Fick's law was found to hold from the pressure independencies of diffusion coefficients for both the experiments. The solubility was better described according to dual-mode sorption model rather than Henry-s law from the sorption experiments. The diffusivities of both the gases were correlated with packing density (reciprocal of specific free volume) of the polymer, except two polyimides. The packing density of these two polymers could not be successfully calculated from Bondi's method. However, all the diffusion coefficients decreased linearly with an increase in the cohesive energy density (CED), which was calculated by the group contribution method of van Krevelen. These results suggest that the gas diffusions in polyimides better correlate with CED than with the packing density. Therefore, the cohesive energy density may be considered as a more reliable indication of the efficient gas separation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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