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  • Joule–Thomson  (1)
  • free insulin  (1)
  • hypothyroidism  (1)
  • Springer  (3)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: human insulin ; diabetes control ; blood glucose ; free insulin ; biosynthetic insulin ; semisynthetic insulin ; monocomponent insulin ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen hospitalized insulin requiring diabetics treated with a single daily subcutaneous injection were randomly allocated either to a mixture of porcine Actrapid+Lente MC or a mixture of Regular+NPH—Biosynthetic human insulin (Study 1). In Study 2, 10 patients receiving two daily insulin injections were treated at random with either porcine Actrapid+Monotard, or Actrapid+Monotard—Semisynthetic human insulin or Regular+NPH—Biosynthetic human insulin. Once an optimal insulin regimen was obtained, circadian blood glucose and plasma free insulin profiles (7–9 time points) were determined with the two (Study 1) or three (Study 2) insulin preparations, keeping the doses of insulin constant. In Study 1 no significant difference in blood glucose (BG) or plasma free insulin (FIRI) profiles was observed. The mean daily blood glucose, the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), the index of blood glucose control (M-value of Schlichtkrull), as well as the post-breakfast increases in blood glucose and mean free IRI, were similar with both types of insulin. In Study 2, BG and FIRI profiles were also similar, except for a significantly lower (p〈0.02) BG at 8.30 p.m. with both human insulins. No significant differences were found in free IRI at that time. Mean BG, M index, MAGE and mean FIRI were similar but the postbreakfast increase was significantly smaller with SHI. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of animal monocomponent, semisynthetic and biosynthetic human insulin appear similar, but evening BG control was better with both types of human insulins given twice daily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Goldblatt two-kidney one clip hypertension ; methimazole ; hypothyroidism ; relative cardiac hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of methimazole, and antithyroid drug, on blood pressure and other parameters were evaluated in the established phase of Goldblatt two-kidney one clip (G2K-1C) hypertension. Methimazole was administered via drinking water for five weeks, starting five weeks after hypertension had been induced. After this period of treatment, similarly high blood pressures were observed in methimazole-treated and non-treated G2K-1C rats, despite the fact that a hypothyroid state had been achieved in methimazole-treated rats. Methimazole-treated G2K-1C rats showed reductions in heart rate, ventricular weight, ventricular/body weight ratio and mortality in comparison with rats not treated with methimazole. These results clearly demonstrate that hypothyroidism induced by methimazole: a) does not reverse G2K-1C hypertension, but b) improves the rate of survival and c) reduces relative cardiac hypertrophy, possibly by the reduction in cardiac work observed in Goldblatt hypothyroid rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1737-1751 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: correlation ; corresponding-states ; inversion curve ; Joule–Thomson
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the present work, the Lee–Kesler (LK) and Boublík–Alder–Chen–Kreglewski (BACK) equations of state were used to compute Joule–Thomson inversion curves for nonsimple fluids. Comparisons with available data showed that predictions were quite reliable and could be used in place of experimental values. Two sets of corresponding-states correlations were developed, giving reduced inversion pressures and densities as functions of reduced temperature and acentric factor. The LK-based correlations are valid for T r≤4.0, giving an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 4.5% for pressures. The BACK-based correlations are valid up to the maximum inversion temperature and give a 6.7% AAD for pressures. Respective volume AADs are 12.0 and 8.0% in the high-density region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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