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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 175 (1988), S. 482-491 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Keywords: HPLC ; ammonia ; dansyl ; fluorescence ; methylamine ; nitrogenase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 15 (1983), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Heart ; biomembranes ; mitochondria ; ions ; transport ; diffusion ; channels ; swelling ; fluorescamine ; fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This report describes experimental results which show that the fluorescent reagent fluorescamine induces mitochondrial energy-independent swelling when the incubation media contain the chloride salts of the cations Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. The reaction depends on the concentration of the dye and is inhibited by Mg2+, and its extension is closely related to the amount of the primary amino groups titrated by fluorescamine. Analysis of the labeled inner membrane in polyacrylamide gel shows that the amount of aminofluorescamine complex is lower when mitochondria are in the presence of Mg2+.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: anthracene ; fluorescence ; naphthalene ; non-radiative singlet energy transfer ; polyesters ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Steady state fluorescence has been used to study the efficiency of nonradiative single energy transfer for naphthalene → naphthalene and naphthalene → anthracene for polyesters and their bichromophoric model compounds. Polyesters containing only naphthalene groups were derived from 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid as the rigid unit, and two series of glycols, HO—(CH2)m—OH and HO—(CH2CH2O)n;—OH, where m=2-6 and n=1-4, as flexible spacers. Bichromophoric model compounds were derived from 2-naphthoic acid and the same glycols. In order to study the transfer for naphthalene → anthracene, a first attempt was made by studying bichromophoric model compounds D—(CH2)m—A, where D and A denote 2-naphthoate (donor) and 9-anthranoate (acceptor) groups, respectively. The fluorescence anisotropy measurements in a solid matrix of glassy poly(methyl methacrylate), for the compounds containing only naphthalene groups, and the simple excitation and emission spectra, for the compounds containing naphthalene and antharacene groups, clearly demonstrate the presence of non-radiative singlet-singlet energy transfer, the efficiency of which depends mainly on n (or n). A theoretical treatment using the rotational isomeric state model of the conformatin of these molecules has also been performed. The combination of the experiments and the theoretical analysis establishes that the Förster radii are 1.2 and 1.4 nm for the naphthalene → naphthalene transfer in the bichromophoric model compounds and polyesters, respectively, and 1.6 ± 0.2 nm for the naphthalene → anthracene transfer in the model compounds studied.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1511-1519 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: conformation ; excimer ; fluorescence ; hairpins ; polyester ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The fluorescence in dilute solution has been measured as a function of solvent viscosity for four bichromophoric models for polyesters with naphthalene in the rigid aromatic unit and diols derived from cyclohexane as the flexible spacer. The spacers are 1,2-cis-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-trans-cyclohexanediol, a 1:2 mixture of 1,3-cis- and 1,3-trans-cyclohexanediols, and a 1:2 mixture of 1,4-cis- and 1,4-trans-cyclohexanediols. The shape of the emission spectra for the molecules in this series is less sensitive to the viscosity of the medium than was the case for an analogous series in which a methylene or oxyethylene spacer replaces the cyclohexanediol spacer. The dependence of the excimer emission on the type of spacer is different also in the series in which the rigid units contain naphthalene or benzene. When the rigid units contain naphthalene, excimer formation is maximal if the spacer contains 1,2-trans-cyclohexanediol, but this spacer produces a molecule with a very small tendency for excimer formation in its polymers with terephthalate. A conformational analysis correctly concludes that the spacer most conducive to excimer formation should be 1,2-trans-cyclohexanediol, but it does not identify the correct order of the remaining three bichromophoric model compounds. The problem may reside in the method for taking into account the finite width of the torsional well associated with each rotational isomer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-07-03
    Description: Reprogramming of somatic cells is a valuable tool to understand the mechanisms of regaining pluripotency and further opens up the possibility of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. Reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, designated as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, has been possible with the expression of the transcription factor quartet Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 (refs 1-11). Considering that ectopic expression of c-Myc causes tumorigenicity in offspring and that retroviruses themselves can cause insertional mutagenesis, the generation of iPS cells with a minimal number of factors may hasten the clinical application of this approach. Here we show that adult mouse neural stem cells express higher endogenous levels of Sox2 and c-Myc than embryonic stem cells, and that exogenous Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc is sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells. These two-factor iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem cells at the molecular level, contribute to development of the germ line, and form chimaeras. We propose that, in inducing pluripotency, the number of reprogramming factors can be reduced when using somatic cells that endogenously express appropriate levels of complementing factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jeong Beom -- Zaehres, Holm -- Wu, Guangming -- Gentile, Luca -- Ko, Kinarm -- Sebastiano, Vittorio -- Arauzo-Bravo, Marcos J -- Ruau, David -- Han, Dong Wook -- Zenke, Martin -- Scholer, Hans R -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):646-50. doi: 10.1038/nature07061. Epub 2008 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Rontgenstrasse 20, 48149 Munster, NRW, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18594515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Chimera ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, myc/genetics ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/*cytology ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-09-01
    Description: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and human somatic cells by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (OCT4 (also called POU5F1), SOX2, c-Myc and KLF4). We previously reported that Oct4 alone is sufficient to reprogram directly adult mouse neural stem cells to iPS cells. Here we report the generation of one-factor human iPS cells from human fetal neural stem cells (one-factor (1F) human NiPS cells) by ectopic expression of OCT4 alone. One-factor human NiPS cells resemble human embryonic stem cells in global gene expression profiles, epigenetic status, as well as pluripotency in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the transcription factor OCT4 is sufficient to reprogram human neural stem cells to pluripotency. One-factor iPS cell generation will advance the field further towards understanding reprogramming and generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jeong Beom -- Greber, Boris -- Arauzo-Bravo, Marcos J -- Meyer, Johann -- Park, Kook In -- Zaehres, Holm -- Scholer, Hans R -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):649-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rontgenstrasse 20, 48149 Munster, NRW, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19718018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; *Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fetus/*cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Germ Layers/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: The evolution of insect resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that are widely used in sprays and transgenic crops. Resistance to Bt toxins in some insects is linked with mutations that disrupt a toxin-binding cadherin protein. We show that susceptibility to the Bt toxin Cry1Ab was reduced by cadherin gene silencing with RNA interference in Manduca sexta, confirming cadherin's role in Bt toxicity. Native Cry1A toxins required cadherin to form oligomers, but modified Cry1A toxins lacking one alpha-helix did not. The modified toxins killed cadherin-silenced M. sexta and Bt-resistant Pectinophora gossypiella that had cadherin deletion mutations. Our findings suggest that cadherin promotes Bt toxicity by facilitating toxin oligomerization and demonstrate that the modified Bt toxins may be useful against pests resistant to standard Bt toxins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soberon, Mario -- Pardo-Lopez, Liliana -- Lopez, Idalia -- Gomez, Isabel -- Tabashnik, Bruce E -- Bravo, Alejandra -- 1R01 AI066014/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1640-2. Epub 2007 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. mario@ibt.unam.mx〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Cadherins/genetics/metabolism ; Endotoxins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Genetic Engineering ; Hemolysin Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; *Insecticide Resistance ; Larva ; *Manduca/genetics/metabolism ; *Moths/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; *Pest Control, Biological ; RNA Interference
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: Modern attempts to produce biogeographic maps focus on the distribution of species, and the maps are typically drawn without phylogenetic considerations. Here, we generate a global map of zoogeographic regions by combining data on the distributions and phylogenetic relationships of 21,037 species of amphibians, birds, and mammals. We identify 20 distinct zoogeographic regions, which are grouped into 11 larger realms. We document the lack of support for several regions previously defined based on distributional data and show that spatial turnover in the phylogenetic composition of vertebrate assemblages is higher in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. We further show that the integration of phylogenetic information provides valuable insight on historical relationships among regions, permitting the identification of evolutionarily unique regions of the world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Ben G -- Lessard, Jean-Philippe -- Borregaard, Michael K -- Fritz, Susanne A -- Araujo, Miguel B -- Dimitrov, Dimitar -- Fabre, Pierre-Henri -- Graham, Catherine H -- Graves, Gary R -- Jonsson, Knud A -- Nogues-Bravo, David -- Wang, Zhiheng -- Whittaker, Robert J -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Rahbek, Carsten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 4;339(6115):74-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1228282. Epub 2012 Dec 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians/classification ; Animals ; Birds/classification ; *Climate ; Mammals/classification ; *Phylogeny ; Phylogeography
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-11-01
    Description: Endocycles are variant cell cycles comprised of DNA synthesis (S)- and gap (G)-phases but lacking mitosis. Such cycles facilitate post-mitotic growth in many invertebrate and plant cells, and are so ubiquitous that they may account for up to half the world's biomass. DNA replication in endocycling Drosophila cells is triggered by cyclin E/cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CYCE/CDK2), but this kinase must be inactivated during each G-phase to allow the assembly of pre-Replication Complexes (preRCs) for the next S-phase. How CYCE/CDK2 is periodically silenced to allow re-replication has not been established. Here, using genetic tests in parallel with computational modelling, we show that the endocycles of Drosophila are driven by a molecular oscillator in which the E2F1 transcription factor promotes CycE expression and S-phase initiation, S-phase then activates the CRL4(CDT2) ubiquitin ligase, and this in turn mediates the destruction of E2F1 (ref. 7). We propose that it is the transient loss of E2F1 during S phases that creates the window of low Cdk activity required for preRC formation. In support of this model overexpressed E2F1 accelerated endocycling, whereas a stabilized variant of E2F1 blocked endocycling by deregulating target genes, including CycE, as well as Cdk1 and mitotic cyclins. Moreover, we find that altering cell growth by changing nutrition or target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling impacts E2F1 translation, thereby making endocycle progression growth-dependent. Many of the regulatory interactions essential to this novel cell cycle oscillator are conserved in animals and plants, indicating that elements of this mechanism act in most growth-dependent cell cycles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330263/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330263/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zielke, Norman -- Kim, Kerry J -- Tran, Vuong -- Shibutani, Shusaku T -- Bravo, Maria-Jose -- Nagarajan, Sabarish -- van Straaten, Monique -- Woods, Brigitte -- von Dassow, George -- Rottig, Carmen -- Lehner, Christian F -- Grewal, Savraj S -- Duronio, Robert J -- Edgar, Bruce A -- 5 P50GM66050/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM51186/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM57859/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MOP-86622/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- R01 GM051186/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051186-14A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 30;480(7375):123-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10579.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22037307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/*enzymology/growth & development/metabolism ; E2F Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; S Phase/physiology ; Salivary Glands/cytology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-11-04
    Description: Despite decades of research, the roles of climate and humans in driving the dramatic extinctions of large-bodied mammals during the Late Quaternary period remain contentious. Here we use ancient DNA, species distribution models and the human fossil record to elucidate how climate and humans shaped the demographic history of woolly rhinoceros, woolly mammoth, wild horse, reindeer, bison and musk ox. We show that climate has been a major driver of population change over the past 50,000 years. However, each species responds differently to the effects of climatic shifts, habitat redistribution and human encroachment. Although climate change alone can explain the extinction of some species, such as Eurasian musk ox and woolly rhinoceros, a combination of climatic and anthropogenic effects appears to be responsible for the extinction of others, including Eurasian steppe bison and wild horse. We find no genetic signature or any distinctive range dynamics distinguishing extinct from surviving species, emphasizing the challenges associated with predicting future responses of extant mammals to climate and human-mediated habitat change.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4070744/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4070744/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lorenzen, Eline D -- Nogues-Bravo, David -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Weinstock, Jaco -- Binladen, Jonas -- Marske, Katharine A -- Ugan, Andrew -- Borregaard, Michael K -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Ho, Simon Y W -- Goebel, Ted -- Graf, Kelly E -- Byers, David -- Stenderup, Jesper T -- Rasmussen, Morten -- Campos, Paula F -- Leonard, Jennifer A -- Koepfli, Klaus-Peter -- Froese, Duane -- Zazula, Grant -- Stafford, Thomas W Jr -- Aaris-Sorensen, Kim -- Batra, Persaram -- Haywood, Alan M -- Singarayer, Joy S -- Valdes, Paul J -- Boeskorov, Gennady -- Burns, James A -- Davydov, Sergey P -- Haile, James -- Jenkins, Dennis L -- Kosintsev, Pavel -- Kuznetsova, Tatyana -- Lai, Xulong -- Martin, Larry D -- McDonald, H Gregory -- Mol, Dick -- Meldgaard, Morten -- Munch, Kasper -- Stephan, Elisabeth -- Sablin, Mikhail -- Sommer, Robert S -- Sipko, Taras -- Scott, Eric -- Suchard, Marc A -- Tikhonov, Alexei -- Willerslev, Rane -- Wayne, Robert K -- Cooper, Alan -- Hofreiter, Michael -- Sher, Andrei -- Shapiro, Beth -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Willerslev, Eske -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 2;479(7373):359-64. doi: 10.1038/nature10574.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22048313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biota ; Bison ; Climate Change/*history ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Europe ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; History, Ancient ; Horses ; Human Activities/*history ; Humans ; Mammals/genetics/*physiology ; Mammoths ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Dynamics ; Reindeer ; Siberia ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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