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  • Chromosome  (1)
  • fish molecular cytogenetics  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Centromere ; Chromosome ; Concerted evolution ; CENP-B box sequence ; α-Satellite DNA ; Hominoids ; Primates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract CENP-B, a highly conserved centromere-associated protein, binds to α-satellite DNA, the centromeric satellite of primate chromosomes, at a 17-bp sequence, the CENP-B box. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an oligomer specific for the CENP-B box sequence, we have demonstrated the abundance of CENP-B boxes on all chromosomes (except the Y) of humans, chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. This sequence motif was not detected in the genomes of other primates, including gibbons, Old and New World monkeys, and prosimians. Our results indicate that the CENP-B box containing subtype of α-satellite DNA may have emerged recently in the evolution of the large-bodied hominoids, after divergence of the phylogenetic lines leading to gibbons and apes; the box is thus on the order of 15–25 million years of age. The rapid process of dispersal and fixation of the CENP-B box sequence throughout the human and great ape genomes is thought to be a consequence of concerted evolution of α-satellite subsets on both homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: evolution ; fish molecular cytogenetics ; Leporinus ; satellite DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A chromosome-specific satellite DNA from the South American fish species Leporinus obtusidens has been isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis and Southern hybridization studies indicate that the cloned 483-bp fragment is 60% AT rich and appears to comprise two diverged monomers. A highly variable low-copy number polymorphism was detected and, thus, this satellite DNA may serve as a valuable genetic marker. Using a Southern blot approach, the cloned satellite DNA cross-hybridized strongly to the DNA of Leporinus elongatus but failed to detect homologous sequences in the genomes of other closely related Leporinus species and higher vertebrates. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization to mitotic metaphase spreads of L. obtusidens and L. elongatus, this satellite DNA was located to the (peri)centromeric region of one single chromosome pair in both species. As the cloned satellite DNA sequence clearly evolved along a chromosomal lineage and is highly variable, it may serve as a very useful marker in further genetic, molecular and cytogenetic studies of the genus Leporinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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