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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 747-753 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymes ; glycosidases ; lipases ; supersaturated solutions ; organic solvents ; esterification ; glycosides ; ethyleneglycol ; sugar fatty acid esters ; surfactants ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three ethoxylated glycosides, tetraethylene glycol β-D-glucoside, tetraethylene glycol β-D-xyloside, and methoxy triethyleneglycol β-D-glucoside, were prepared via almond β-glucoside-catalyzed (trans)glycosylation carried out in supersaturated solutions of glucose or p-nitrophenyl β-D-xyloside and the respective polyethylene glycols. The products were isolated and further modified by enzymatic esterification with Candida antarctica and Mucor miehei lipases. The latter enzyme showed a much greater selectivity for the primary hydroxyl group on the polyethylene glycol chain of the glucoside substrate, thus enabling us to obtain exclusively the corresponding monoester, ω-O-oleoyl tetraethylene glycol β-D-glucoside. Novozyme was used for the preparative synthesis of two other monoesters, 6-O-oleoyl (methoxy triethyleneglycol) β-D-glucoside and ω-O-oleoyl tetraethylene glycol β-D-xyloside. Two diesters, di-oleoyl tetraethylene glycol β-D-glucoside and tetraethylene-bis(6-0-oleoyl glucoside) were also synthesized in good yields using this lipase. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:747-753, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 197-203 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymes ; glycosidases ; transglycosylations ; supersaturated solutions ; glycosides ; disaccharides ; synthesis ; regioselectivity ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymatic transglycosylation in supersaturated solutions of substrates was investigated using crude glycosidase preparations from barley, snail, and coffee beans. It was shown that the use of supersaturated glycoside solutions as media for transglycosylation reactions offers considerable advantages over conventional aqueous systems. These advantages include higher yields, more efficient use of the donor glycosides and improved volumetric productivity, especially in the case of poorly water-soluble substrates. The regioselectivity of the glycosylation was not significantly affected by high concentrations of acceptor glycosides. It was also shown that the regioselectivity of transfer could be directed towards secondary hydroxyl groups by the use of methyl 6-O-acetyl-α-galactopyranoside as acceptor. The value of these approaches was demonstrated by the synthesis of methyl 3- and 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranosides and methyl 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-L-fucopyranoside on a preparative scale. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 197-203, 1998.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 190-196 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymes ; glycosidases ; glycosides ; supersaturated solutions ; plasticizers ; ethylene glycol ; glycerol ; acrylates ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of an initial study of enzymatic catalysis in metastable supersaturated solutions of carbohydrates are presented. It has been shown that such solutions, formed in the presence of small amounts of water and alcohol as plasticizers, are sufficiently stable under ambient conditions to enable enzymatic transformations of substrates. A partial phase diagram for a system consisting of glucose, water, and (poly)ethylene glycol was constructed to identify the regions which are most suitable for biotransformations. It was confirmed that the glass transition in this system occurred below the reaction temperature at any given composition of the constituent components. Several glycosidases were found to be catalytically active in this medium and the activity of β-glucosidase from almond was determined at several compositions of the reaction mixture and related to the corresponding regions of the phase diagram. The synthetic utility of the system was illustrated by glucosylation of several α,ω-alkyldiols, short-chain polyethylene glycols, and hydroxyalkyl and glyceryl monoacrylates. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 190-196, 1998.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: aqueous-organic two-phase system ; enzymes ; β-glucosidase ; microencapsulation ; alkyl glucosides ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel approach to enzymatic biotransformations in aqueous-organic two-phase systems was developed where the aqueous phase was contained within permeable polymeric capsules suspended in organic solvent. Microencapsulated β-glucosidase, used as a model enzyme, was shown to retain its catalytic activity for a considerable time and was repeatedly used in batch experiments after recharging the microcapsules with solid glucose. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of hexyl β-[D]-glucopyranoside were optimized with regard to the polymer composition of the microcapsules, pH, and the volume ratio of aqueous to organic phases. The potential for further improvement in the efficiency of the system was demonstrated by designing a bioreactor which incorporated units for product recovery and recycling of the organic solvent. Other advantages of the proposed methodology include facile control over the size and composition of the microcapsules, and mild reaction conditions during their preparation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 385-390, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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