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  • Chemistry  (36)
  • dispersion  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mechanics of time-dependent materials 3 (1999), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1573-2738
    Keywords: back stress ; creep ; dislocation ; dispersion ; grain boundary ; Norton plot ; particle hardening ; reaction-milling ; threshold stress ; work hardening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dispersion-hardened aluminum materials of pure aluminum with extremely fine oxide and carbide dispersions and very fine grain sizes were creep-deformed under compressive loadings between 573 and 773 K. The creep behavior of the investigated materials is influenced by time, temperature, stress level and microstructure. An increasing content of dispersions causes increasing threshold stresses σthand resistances against creep. The Norton plots of the minimum creep rate $$\dot \varepsilon _{\min } $$ versus stress σ are characterized by extremely high stress exponents n. On the basis of the threshold concept it is demonstrated that the same diffusion process dominates in the dispersion-hardened aluminum materials as in pure aluminum. Their true stress exponents n*as the slopes of the best fit lines of the $$\log \dot \varepsilon _{\min } {\text{ }}versus{\text{ }}\log (\sigma - \sigma _{{\text{th}}} )$$ are close to 5. The threshold stress decreases considerably with increasing temperature due to the thermally activated recovery of long-range internal back stresses of quasi-planar dislocation structures on the grain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Strains and Stresses in the Area of the Plastic Zone Near the Crack Tip of Precracked Steel Specimens. Models for shape and dimension of the plastic zone near the crack tip of precracked specimens are described and discussed. Using idealized assumptions an area of influence of the plastic zone is postulated in accordance with the shape of the plastic zone observed. In this area an estimation of the stress distribution has been made. X-ray stress measurements have been done in and near the plastic zone.
    Notes: Modellvorstellungen über Form und Größe der plastischen Zone nahe der Rißspitze angerissener Proben werden beschrieben und anhand experimenteller Beobachtungen diskutiert. Basierend auf der experimentell ermittelten Form der plastischen Zone, wird unter idealisierender Annahme ein Einflußbereich der plastischen Zone postuliert und der Spannungsverlauf innerhalb dieses Bereichs angegeben. Die Ergebnisse röntgenographischer Spannungsmessungen im Bereich der plastischen Zone werden angegeben und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 97-111 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recent Investigations on the Development of Residual Stresses and their Effect in Metallic Materials
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhomogeneous Deformation Processes During Cyclic Loading of Quenched and Tempered Steel SAE 4140The cyclic deformation behavior of a normalized steel SAE 4140 in the loading range σa 〈 ReS is characterized by softening and hardening phenomena. Cyclic softening processes are combined with inhomogeneous plastic deformations and the propagation of a fatigue Lüdersband. The following hardening process occurs homogeneously. At stress amplitudes σa 〈 Rp0.2 the quenched and tempered SAE 4140 worksoftens continuously until crack initiation. Plastic deformation processes are extremely inhomogeneous and are concentrated on small fatigue zones. The inhomogeneity increases with decreasing tempering temperatures und stress amplitudes.
    Notes: Das Wechselverformungsverhalten von normalisiertem 42 CrMo 4 ist für Beanspruchungen σa 〈 ReS durch Ent- und Verfestigungsvorgänge gekennzeichnet. Die Wechselentfestigung erfolgt inhomogen und ist mit der Ausbreitung sog. Ermüdungslüdersbänder verbunden, die anschließende Verfestigung erfolgt homogen.Das Wechselverformungsverhalten von vergütetem 42 CrMo 4 ist für Beanspruchungen mit σa 〈 Rp0,2 mit Entfestigungsvorgängen verbunden, die kontinuierlich in die Rißausbreitungsphase übergehen. Die während der Wechselverformung ablaufenden plastischen Deformationsvorgänge sind bis zum Probenbruch extrem inhomogen und auf sog. Ermüdungszonen beschränkt. Eine Erniedrigung der Anlaßtemperatur und der Spannungsamplitude verstärkt die Inhomogenität.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 22 (1991), S. 266-274 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Positive and Negative Mean Stresses on the Cyclic Stress-Strain Behaviour of Normalized Steel SAE 1045In technical parts cyclic loads are often superimposed by static load components. In such cases, mean stresses influence the cyclic deformation behaviour and produce cyclic creep effects. Single step push-pull fatigue tests were carried out with normalized specimens of the steel SAE 1045. Using cyclic deformation curves and cyclic creep curves, the influence of different mean stresses will be discussed.
    Notes: Technische Bauteile unterliegen oft überlagerten zyklischen und statischen Beanspruchungen. Dabei beeinflussen die Mittelspannungen das Wechselverformungsverhalten nachhaltig und bewirken zudem zyklisches Kriechen. Da für unlegierte Stähle nur unzureichende Kenntnisse über das Wechselverformungsverhalten und das zyklische Kriechen bei unterschiedlichen Mittelspannungen vorliegen, wurden systematische spannungskontrollierte Zug-Druckversuche an normalisierten Rundproben des Edelstahles Ck 45 durchgeführt. Die Versuchsergebnisse werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 343-351 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: In total strain-controlled tests without mean strain the cyclic deformation behaviour of unalloyed normalized steels with carbon contents 0,1 ≤ C ≤ 1,05 (wt.-%) is characterized by pronounced softening and slight hardening processes. With increasing carbon content the cyclic deformation curves are shifted to higher stress amplitudes. Cyclic stress strain curves of unalloyed steels determined in tests without mean load are independent of the testing procedure. With increasing carbon content the number of cycles for εa,e = εa,p (transition point) of strain-controlled SN-curves is shifted to smaller values.
    Notes: Das Wechselverformnungsverhalten unlegierter normalisierter Stähle mit Kohlenstoffgehalten 0,1 ≤ C ≤ 1.05 (in Masse-%) ist in totaldehnungskontrollierten mitteldehnungsfreien Versuchen durch ausgeprägte zyklische Entfestigungs- und schwache Verfestigungsvorgänge gekennzeichnet. Die zyklischen Spannungs-Dehnungskurven werden mit wachsendem Kohlenstoffgehalt zu größeren Spannungsamplituden verschoben. Die mittelspannungsfrei ermittelten zyklischen Spannungs-Dehnungskurven unlegierter Stähle sind unabhängig von der Versuchsführung. Die Übergangslastspielzahl, bei der in der Dehnungswöhlerlinie εa,e = εa,p wird, verschiebt sich mit wachsendem Kohlenstoffgehalt zu kleineren Werten.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 25 (1994), S. 389-398 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Thermal-Mechanical Fatigue Behaviour of NiCr22Co12Mo9The fatigue behaviour of the Ni-based alloy NiCr22Co12Mo9 (corresponding to Inconel 617) under combined cyclic thermal and mechanical “in-phase”- and “out-of-phase”-loading was investigated with a constant minimum cycle temperature of 473K and a constant total strain amplitude of 6,25% at maximum cycle temperatures To ranging from 873K to 1473K. It was found that the cyclic deformation behaviour and the corresponding development of the microstructure during the tests were mainly determined by the maximum cycle temperatures. With increasing To increasing recovery processes occurred accompanied by charakteristic changes in the microstructure which reduced cyclic hardening. In contrast, both maximum cycle temperature and cycle mode determined surface deteriorations, which were characterized by surface cracks, and fatigue life. At the highest temperatures during the in-phase-loading cycles, the occuring tensile stresses caused increasing amounts of intergranular damage with corresponding reductions of fatigue life.
    Notes: Das Ermüdungsverhalten der Nickelbasis-Legierung NiCr22Co12Mo9 (vergleichbar Inconel 617) unter überlagerter thermischer und mechanischer „in-phase“- und „out-of-phase“- Wechselbeanspruchung wurde bei einer konstanten Untertemperatur von 473K und einer konstanten Totaldehnungsamplitude von 6,25% für Obertemperaturen zwischen 873K und 1473K untersucht. Dabei wurden das Wechselverformungsverhalten und die damit verbundene Entwicklung der Mikrostruktur während der Experimente unabhängig von der Versuchsführung hauptsächlich von den Obertemperaturen bestimmt. Zunehmende Obertemperaturen und zunehmende Erholungsprozesse führten zu charakteristischen Veränderungen der Mikrostruktur, die eine Abnahme der Wechselverfestigung ergaben. Die Oberflächenschädigungen, charakterisiert durch Oberflächenanrisse, und die Lebensdauern wurden dagegen sowohl von der Obertemperatur als auch von der Beanspruchungsart bestimmt. Bei den höchsten Temperaturen während der „in-phase“-Zyklen bewirkten die auftretenden Zugspannungen vergrößerte interkristalline Schädigung verbunden mit größeren Lebensdauerverkürzungen.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 148-160 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: X-Ray Investigation of Stress States in MaterialsX-ray stress analyses on crystalline or partially crystalline materials are based on the determination of elastic lattice strains which are converted to stresses by means of theory of elasticity. The development of the sin2 ψ-method of X-ray stress analysis and of diffractometers substituting film chambers during the 1960s initiated an enormous progress in X-ray stress analysis during the following three decades both in respect of the knowledge of the underlying principles and in respect of the practical application.This report sketches the historical development of X-ray stress analyses and describes the actual state of the art of this important tool for materials science and engineering. Besides some important elements of X-ray physics and theory of elasticity, experimental aspects of practical applications are outlined. Standard measuring procedures and special measuring problems are described, and hints for practical solutions are given. In particular, examples of destructive and non-destructive depth profiling of residual stresses, of residual stress analysis in thin coatings, in multilayer structures of thin coatings and in chemically graded coatings, of residual stress analyses in presence of textures, of residual and loading stress analyses in heterogeneous materials, in coarse grained, and in single crystalline materials are presented. The methods established up to now are explained and possible future developments are pointed out.
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: X-ray Investigation of Stress States in MaterialsX-ray stress analyses on crystalline or partially crystalline materials are based on the determination of elastic lattice strains which are converted to stresses by means of theory of elasticity. The development of the sin2 ψ-method of X-ray stress analysis and of diffractometers substituting film chambers during the 1960s initiated an enormous progress in X-ray stress analysis during the following three decades both in respect of the knowledge of the underlying principles and in respect of the practical application.This report sketches the historical development of X-ray stress analyses and describes the actual state of the art of this important tool for materials science and engineering. Besides some important elements of X-ray physics and theory of elasticity, experimental aspects of practical applications are outlined. Standard measuring procedures and special measuring problems are described, and hints for practical solutions are given. In particular, examples of destructive and non-destructive depth profiling of residual stresses, of residual stress analyses in thin coatings, in multilayer structures of thin coatings and in chemically graded coatings, of residual stress analyses in presence of textures, of residual and loading stress analyses in heterogeneous materials, in coarse grained, and in single crystalline materials are presented. The methods established up to now are explained and possible future developments are pointed out.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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