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  • 1
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    Performance of two texture-based classifiers of cloud fields using spatially averaged Landsat data (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Using the gray-level difference vector approach, classification accuracies with 1/8-km spatial-resolution data are similar to those obtained using the full spatial-resolution features. Hence no advantage is to be gained in cloud classification accuracies by using even higher spatial resolutions obtained from Landsat TM or SPOT imagery. The optimum spatial resolution is 1/4 km. However, significant improvement in cloud-classification accuracy compared to that available from the 1-km resolution of AVHRR and GOES imagery is obtained using 1/2-km-resolution data. Cirrus-classification accuracy is especially compromised as spatial resolution is degraded. However, texture measures defined at the combination of pixel separations d = 1,4 improve classification accuracies by several percent, even for 1-km spatial-resolution data. Cirrus-classification accuracy is significantly improved by the use of multiple distance features.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Three dimensional thermal pollution models. Volume 3: Free surface models (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two sets of programs, named Nasum 2 and Nasum 3 are presented in detail. Nasum 2 is a far field formulation and is used without including the plant thermal discharge. Nasum 3 uses horizontal stretching to provide higher resolution at thermal discharge joints; and includes far field influences such as varying tides and ambient currents far from point of discharge.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-154624-VOL-3 , KSC-TR-43-2-VOL-3
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Three dimensional thermal pollution models. Volume 1: Review of mathematical formulations (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A mathematical model package for thermal pollution analyses and prediction is presented. These models, intended as user's manuals, are three dimensional and time dependent using the primitive equation approach. Although they have sufficient generality for application at sites with diverse topographical features; they also present specific instructions regarding data preparation for program execution and sample problems. The mathematical formulation of these models is presented including assumptions, approximations, governing equations, boundary and initial conditions, numerical method of solution, and same results.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-154624-VOL-1 , KSC-TR-43-2-VOL-1
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  • 4
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    Thermal Pollution Mathematical Model. Volume 5: User's Manual for Three-Dimensional Rigid-Lid Model (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A user's manual for a three dimensional, rigid lid model used for hydrothermal predictions of closed basins subjected to a heated discharge together with various other inflows and outflows is presented. The model has the capability to predict (1) wind driven circulation; (2) the circulation caused by inflows and outflows to the domain; and (3) the thermal effects in the domain, and to combine the above processes. The calibration procedure consists of comparing ground truth corrected airborne radiometer data with surface isotherms predicted by the model. The model was verified for accuracy at various sites and results are found to be fairly accurate in all verification runs.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-165623-VOL-5 , TR-43-4-VOL-5
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Thermal Pollution Mathematical Model. Volume 4: Verification of Three-Dimensional Rigid-Lid Model at Lake Keowee (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The rigid lid model was developed to predict three dimensional temperature and velocity distributions in lakes. This model was verified at various sites (Lake Belews, Biscayne Bay, etc.) and th verification at Lake Keowee was the last of these series of verification runs. The verification at Lake Keowee included the following: (1) selecting the domain of interest, grid systems, and comparing the preliminary results with archival data; (2) obtaining actual ground truth and infrared scanner data both for summer and winter; and (3) using the model to predict the measured data for the above periods and comparing the predicted results with the actual data. The model results compared well with measured data. Thus, the model can be used as an effective predictive tool for future sites.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-165623-VOL-4 , TR-43-4-VOL-4
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  • 6
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    Thermal Pollution Mathematical Model. Volume 3: User's Manual for One-Dimensional Numerical Model for the Seasonal Thermocline (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A user's manual for a one dimensional thermal model to predict the temperature profiles of a deep body of water for any number of annual cycles is presented. The model is essentially a set of partial differential equations which are solved by finite difference methods using a high speed digital computer. The model features the effects of area change with depth, nonlinear interaction of wind generated turbulence and buoyancy, adsorption of radiative heat flux below the surface, thermal discharges, and the effects of vertical convection caused by discharge. The main assumption in the formulation is horizontal homogeneity. The environmental impact of thermal discharges from power plants is emphasized. Although the model is applicable to most lakes, a specific site (Lake Keowee, S.C.) application is described in detail. The programs are written in FORTRAN 5.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-165623-VOL-3 , TR-43-4-VOL-3
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  • 7
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    Thermal Pollution Mathematical Model (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A one dimensional model for studying the thermal dynamics of cooling lakes was developed and verified. The model is essentially a set of partial differential equations which are solved by finite difference methods. The model includes the effects of variation of area with depth, surface heating due to solar radiation absorbed at the upper layer, and internal heating due to the transmission of solar radiation to the sub-surface layers. The exchange of mechanical energy between the lake and the atmosphere is included through the coupling of thermal diffusivity and wind speed. The effects of discharge and intake by power plants are also included. The numerical model was calibrated by applying it to Cayuga Lake. The model was then verified through a long term simulation using Lake Keowee data base. The comparison between measured and predicted vertical temperature profiles for the nine years is good. The physical limnology of Lake Keowee is presented through a set of graphical representations of the measured data base.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-165623-VOL-2 , TR-43-4-VOL-2
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  • 8
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    Thermal Pollution Math Model. Volume 1. Thermal Pollution Model Package Verification and Transfer (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two three dimensional, time dependent models, one free surface, the other rigid lid, were verified at Anclote Anchorage and Lake Keowee respectively. The first site is a coastal site in northern Florida; the other is a man-made lake in South Carolina. These models describe the dispersion of heated discharges from power plants under the action of ambient conditions. A one dimensional, horizontally-averaged model was also developed and verified at Lake Keowee. The data base consisted of archival in situ measurements and data collected during field missions. The field missions were conducted during winter and summer conditions at each site. Each mission consisted of four infrared scanner flights with supporting ground truth and in situ measurements. At Anclote, special care was taken to characterize the complete tidal cycle. The three dimensional model results compared with IR data for thermal plumes on an average within 1 C root mean square difference. The one dimensional model performed satisfactorily in simulating the 1971-1979 period.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-165623-VOL-1 , TR-43-4-VOL-1
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  • 9
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    Three Dimensional Thermal Pollution Models (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Three versions of rigid lid programs are presented: one for near field simulation; the second for far field unstratified situations; and the third for stratified basins, far field simulation. The near field simulates thermal plume areas, and the far field version simulates larger receiving aquatic ecosystems. Since these versions have many common subroutines, a unified testing is provided, with main programs for the three possible conditions listed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-154624-VOL-2 , KSC-TR-43-2-VOL-2
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  • 10
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    Remote sensing applied to numerical modelling (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Progress and remaining difficulties in the construction of predictive mathematical models of large bodies of water as ecosystems are reviewed. Surface temperature is at present the only variable than can be measured accurately and reliably by remote sensing techniques, but satellite infrared data are of sufficient resolution for macro-scale modeling of oceans and large lakes, and airborne radiometers are useful in meso-scale analysis (of lakes, bays, and thermal plumes). Finite-element and finite-difference techniques applied to the solution of relevant coupled time-dependent nonlinear partial differential equations are compared, and the specific problem of the Biscayne Bay and environs ecosystem is tackled in a finite-differences treatment using the rigid-lid model and a rigid-line grid system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote sensing: Energy-related studies; Dec 02, 1974 - Dec 04, 1974; Miami, FL
    Format: text
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