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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cardiac and skeletal muscle spectrins: Differential expression and localization (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 21 (1992), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: erythroid spectrin ; non-erythroid spectrin ; Z-line ; membrane ; neuromuscular junction ; developmental changes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe multiple human cardiac and skeletal muscle spectrin isoforms. Cardiac muscle expresses five erythroid α,β spectrin-reactive isoforms with estimated MR's of 280, 274, 270, 255, and 246 kD, respectively At least one nonerythroid α-spectrin of MR 284 kD is expressed in heart. While skeletal muscle shares the 280, 270, and 246 kD erythroid spectrins, it expresses an immunologically distinct 284 kD nonerythroid α-spectrin isoform. The 255 kD erythroid β-spectrin isoform is specific for cardiac tissue. By immunocytochemistry, both erythroid β- and nonerythroid α-spectrins are localized to costameres, the plasma membrane, and the neuromuscular junctional region.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970210405
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genetic elements associated with muscle structure in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 73-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nematodes ; muscle structure ; mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A search for new mutants with altered body-wall muscle cell structure has been undertaken in the nematode C elegans. One-hundred seventeen mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate or ultraviolet light, enrichment by a motility-requiring test, and screening by polarized light microscopy; 102 of these mutants were in ten previously established genes, whereas 15 mutants permitted the identification of seven new complementation groups in C elegans. Two of the new genes map on linkage group I (unc-94 and unc-95) and four genes are sex linked (unc-96, unc-97, unc-98, and unc-99). One complementation group (unc-100) could not be mapped because of the special characteristics of its cohort mutants. Representative mutants of the mapped genes were examined by polarized light and electron microscopy. All of the mutants exhibit disruptions of the normal A and I band organization of thick and thin filaments. Several of the mutants produce collections of thin filament-like structures. In one of these cases, HE177 demonstrated collections of somewhat wider, intermediate-sized filaments as well, and the HE195 mutant produces paracrystalline aggregates of thin filaments amidst looser arrangements of similar structures. The mutants in newly identified genes, as well as the new mutants in previously established genetic loci, have promise as tools in the study of myofibrillar assembly and function. Among the 22 complementation groups associated with body-wall structure in C elegans, it is likely that some genes code for regulatory and morphogenetic functions in addition to the well-studied structural, contractile, and calcium-associated proteins in muscle.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hematopoietic progenitor cells of transgenic mice with increased copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase activity are resistant to tumor necrosis factor (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 160 (1994), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism of growth inhibition mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is unclear. Since recent data strongly suggested that generation of superoxide is a key step in cytotoxicity of TNF, we reasoned that cells expressing high levels of enzymes that degrade superoxide radicals would be resistant to TNF. Therefore, we examined the TNF-sensitivity of bone marrow progenitor cells of transgenic mice that expressed the gene for human copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD). The CuZn-SOD is a key enzyme in the metabolism of superoxide radicals. Heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice had 3- and 5-fold increased levels of CuZn-SOD activity, respectively. Bone marrow cells of transgenic and nontransgenic mice were plated in soft gel culture with TNF (0.01-100 ng/ml). TNF inhibited myeloid colony formation supported by either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or G-CSF from nontransgenic mice in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the myeloid clonal growth of homozygote transgenic mice was not inhibited by TNF at concentrations up to 100 ng/ml. As expected, the effects of TNF on erythroid clonogenic cells, which do not produce superoxide, and the action of transforming growth factor-β on myeloid progenitor cells, were similar in both transgenic and nontransgenic mice. These results suggest that the mechanism of TNF-mediated growth inhibition of hematopoietic cells occurs through production of superoxide. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041600204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Werner syndrome: Entering the helicase era (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 18 (1996), S. 1025-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Werner syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that mimics some of the characteristics of aging. The gene for this disorder has recently been identified as a helicase of the recQ subclass(1). Other phenotypically distinctive disorders caused by different helicase mutations include Bloom syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy. Possible mechanisms by which helicases might produce the variable phenotypes are discussed. These include altered nucleotide excision repair and RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. The discovery of the helicase defect in Werner syndrome provides a road map for future study of its unique pathogenesis and conceivable, but unproved, relationship to the aging process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950181214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of myosin assembly (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 9 (1988), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin self-assembly is generally considered to be the major process in thick filament formation within striated muscles. The biological assembly of myosin into thick filaments is being analysed by genetic dissection as well as biochemical and morphological experiments in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This work shows that the assembly of myosin is modulated by its biosynthesis and interaction with non-myosin proteins. Assemblages which generate multiple nascent thick filaments may play a central role in a catalytic cycle of myosin assembly.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950090604
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular biology of brain and mind development (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 10 (1989), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The recent dramatic development of molecular neurobiology has focused almost entirely on biological events in individual brain cells, and it seems that many of the goals of such work will soon be attained. Yet, when we attain those goals, we will still have to ask how this information will enable us to understand the properties of brain cell collectivities and their presumptive roles in higher brain functions. Even general ideas about those functions are not yet well defined. Therefore, it seems worthwhile to start studying correlations of the molecular events to these higher functions to help delineate the molecular aspects that need study.It is readily appreciated that we cannot tell what other animal species see, hear, taste, smell and feel when touching something, though we can foresee the time when we will be able to detail the biochemical and biophysical consequences of all inputs to those senses. Thus, however deep our understanding of the biology of those species, we are unable to establish relations between their biological responses to inputs and their presumptive mental perceptions. Even though humans can use language to talk about those perceptions, we cannot even verify whether someone else's perceptions are the same as our own, as with the old question of whether two individuals see the same thing when viewing something blue. Questions about still higher mental functions of human brains are even less accessible to analysis and can be approached at best, by using correlations. In this article are a number of such questions and their current correlation-level answers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950100203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical model for phosphorus32 transport during early embryonic growth (1951)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 37 (1951), S. 195-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030370203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of granuloma-dependent angiotensin-converting enzyme and eosinophil chemotactic factor in the skin of athymic nude mice (1987)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hypersensitivity ; granulomas ; skin ; athymic nude mice ; biomedical analysis ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; eosinophil chemotactic factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), other proteinases, and eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF-G) are known to be elevated in hepatic hypersensitivity granulomas of thymus intact (nu/+) mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection. The enzyme activities also increase, but to a lesser degree in hepatic granulomas of athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, and ECF-G is not detectable. In this study isolated hepatic granulomas from nu/+ mice were grafted into the skin of uninfected nu/nu mice, and changes in those cellular functions were determined to examine whether the newly formed granulomas by recipient nu/nu cells acquire the functional activities as well as the histological appearance of nu/+ granulomas. ACE and ECF-G rapidly disappeared from grafted sites during the first 5 days, corresponding to loss of nu/+ cells from the graft. Reduction in activities of arylsulfatases, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase also occurred, but to a lesser extent. Recovery of ACE and ECF-G activities to the levels seen in nu/+ hepatic granulomas was observed by 14 days after grafting when nu/nu cells had accumulated in the grafts and formed new granulomas. Other enzymes increased to approximately half the levels seen in grafted donor granulomas. Circulating eosinophilia also increased. The findings indicate that nu/nu cells that accumulated in the skin grafts not only morphologically mimicked nu/+ type granulomas but also demonstrated nu/+ levels of cellular function. Analysis of skin granulomas developing in nu/+ mice after grafting of nu/+ hepatic granulomas showed the similar histology and enzymatic changes, whereas the skin sites inoculated with purified schistosome eggs alone caused neither significant histological changes nor elevation of ACE activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240340108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cancer detected incidental to simple prostatectomy (stage A1) (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 50 (1992), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: adenocarcinoma ; prostate ; prostatectomy ; PSA ; TUR ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The incidence of stage A (incidental) adenocarcinoma of the prostate in transurethral resection (TUR) specimens is approximately 16%. This paper discusses the criteria for differentiating state A1 versus stage A2 tumor, based on tumor volume and grade. Both the short-term (4 year) and long-term (8-10 year) natural history of untreated stage A1 prostate cancer are examined. Options to follow patients expectantly are presented. These include digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. Specific problems relating to analyzing transrectal ultrasounds in patients who have had a prior TUR are addressed. Also, the unique aspects of transrectal ultrasound for stage A1 disease as it relates to the location of the lesion are expanded upon. The third option in the management of stage A1 disease is to monitor serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Areas covered include the sensitivity and specificity of PSA in general, and, in specific, serum PSA levels following TUR for stage A1 disease as a predictor of residual tumor. New data on a small group of patients who underwent delayed radical prostatectomy following diagnosis of stage A1 disease, where PSA data was available, are presented. The rationale for following patients with stage A1 disease by monitoring their serum PSA levels is supported by data from a group of men with normally sized prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or cancer where longitudinal serum PSA levels were available. Finally, the option of radical prostatectomy for stage A1 disease is put forth. Data include a study of a large group of radical prostatectomy specimens performed for stage A1 disease. This includes the incidence of substantial tumor in this group and our ability to predict substantial tumor based on information obtained by TUR. In conclusion, a summary of the management of stage A1 disease in older versus younger men is presented. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240501218
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface ultrastructure of the gill arch of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, from seawater and freshwater, with special reference to the morphology of apical crypts of chloride cells (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The surface ultrastructure of the gill arches of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, adapted to seawater or freshwater, was found to be similar to that reported for other euryhaline teleosts. Two rows of gill filaments (about 42 filaments per row) extended posterolaterally, and two rows of gill rakers (about 10 rakers per row) extended anteromedially from each arch. Leaf-like respiratory lamellae protruded along both sides of each filament, from its base to its apex. The distributions, sizes, and numbers of various surface cells and structures were also determined. All surfaces were covered by a mosaic of pavement cells, which measured about 7 × 4 μm and exhibited concentrically arranged surface ridges. Taste buds were especially prominent on the rakers and the pharyngeal surfaces of the first and second gill arches, but were often replaced by horny spines on the third and fourth gill arches. Apical crypts of chloride cells occurred mostly on the surfaces of the gill filaments adjacent to the afferent artery of the filament. In seawater adapted killifish, crypts resembled narrow, deep holes along the borders of adjacent pavement cells, had openings of about 2 μm2, and occurred at a frequency of about 1 per 70 μ2 of surface area. In freshwater fish, the crypts usually had larger openings (about 10 μ2), occurred less frequently (1 per 123 μ2), and exhibited many cellular projections in their interiors. Changes in crypt morphology may be related to the ion transport function of chloride cells.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850309
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