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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of enzymes of free radical metabolism suggests the possible cytotoxic capacity of the transitional epithelium of the human ureter (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Urothelium ; Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ; Nitric oxide synthase I ; Superoxide dismutase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Free radicals ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Three enzymes, viz., tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), nitric oxide synthase I (NOS-I), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), involved in the production and metabolism of free radicals or radical equivalents, were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in the urothelium of the ureters of six patients of various ages. Two of these enzymes (TRAP and NOS-I) were colocalized in the most apical and lateral border of the superficial cells of the urothelium. In contrast, SOD showed a patchy or granular distribution within the supranuclear region of these cells. Intra- and subepithelial macrophages exhibited a weak TRAP, but no NOS-I or SOD, immune reaction. On the basis of the immunocytochemical findings, arguments in favor of a cytotoxic function of the superficial cells of the human urothelium are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050760
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide/cGMP pathway components in the Leydig cells of the human testis (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1996), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: NO/cGMP pathway ; Testis ; Leydig cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; RIA ; Cell culture ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this study we sought to determine whether the main components of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway are localized within the Leydig cells of the human testis and whether the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the enzyme that accounts for NO effects, is functionally active in these cells. Using an amplified immunocytochemical technique, immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I), sGC and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was detected within the cytoplasm of human Leydig cells. Distinct differences in staining intensity were found between individual Leydig cells, between cell groups and between Leydig cells of different patients. By means of a specific cGMP-RIA, a concentration-dependent increase in the quantity of cGMP was measured in primary cultures of human Leydig cells following exposure to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. In addition, NOS-I immunoreactivity was seen in Sertoli cells, whereas cGMP and sGC immunoreactivity was found in Sertoli cells, some apically situated spermatids and residual bodies of seminiferous tubules. Dual-labelling studies and the staining of consecutive sections showed that there are several populations of Leydig cells in the human testis. Most cells were immunoreactive for NOS-I, sGC and cGMP, but smaller numbers of cells were unlabelled by any of the antibodies used, or labelled for NOS-I or cGMP alone, for sGC and cGMP, or for NOS-I and sGC. These results show that the Leydig cells possess both the enzyme by which NO is produced and the active enzyme which mediates the NO effects. There are different Leydig cell populations that probably reflect variations in their functional (steroidogenic) activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050742
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur des Tetrakis(di-tert.-butylphosphino)diphosphans. [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 607 (1992), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tetrakis(di-tert.-butylphosphino)diphosphane ; [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of Tetrakis(di-tert.-butylphosphino)diphosphane [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2[(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 1 obtained at -20°C from a solution of (tBu)2P—P=P(Br)tBu2 forms yellow crystals (regular hexagons). 1 crystallizes monoclinic in the space group C2/c with a = 2145.6pm, b = 1137pm, c = 1696.1pm, β = 110.075° and Z = 4 formula units in the elementary cell. Due to high steric load the bond angles at the tertiary P atoms with δ = 115.7° are significantly larger than those at the primary P atoms with δ = 108.6°.
    Notes: [(tBu)2P]2P—P[P(tBu)2]2 1 sich aus (tBu)2P—P(Br)tBu2 (toluolische Lösung, -20°C) und fällt als gelbe Kristalle (regelmäßige Sechsecke) aus. 1 kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 2145,6pm, b = 1137pm, c = 1696pm, β = 110,75°. Die Elementarzelle enthält 4 Formeleinheiten. Die Bindungswinkel an den tertiären P-Atomen mit δ = 115,7° sind infolge der hohen sterischen Belastung der tert. P-Atome gegenüber denen an den primären P-Atomen mit δ = 108,6° deutlich aufgeweitet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926070106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Cyclotetraphosphan P4[P(tBu)2]4 (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 602 (1991), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: 1,2,3,4-Tetrakis(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-cyclo-tetraphosphane ; 31P n.m.r. ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Cyclotetraphosphane P4[P(tBu)2]4P4[P(tBu)2]4 1 is obtained by thermal decomposition (20°C) of (tBu)2P—P = P(tBu)2Br which is formed from [(tBu)2P]2PLi and 1,2-dibromoethane. The 31P NMR spectrum of 1 shows two complex signal patterns of the AA′ A″ A‴ XX′X″X‴ type; δ = +63 ppm (exocyclic) and δ = -43 ppm (cyclic).1 crystallizes monoclinic in the space group C2/c, (a = 2240.8(17) pm, b = 885.6(7) pm, c = 2221.8(14) pm, β = 101.72(5)°) with Z = 4 molecules in the elementary cell. The molecule has E conformation. The four-membered ring is folded (dieder angle 61°) to give the P(tBu)2 groups nearly equatorial and the lone pairs nearly axial positions.
    Notes: P4[P(tBu)2]4 1 entsteht bei der thermischen Zersetzung des (tBu)2P—P = P(tBu)2Br bei 20°C, das sich aus [(tBu)2P]2PLi und 1,2-Dibromethan bildet. Das 31P-NMR-Spektrum von 1 enthält zwei komplexe Signalgruppen; δ = +63 ppm (exocyclisch) und δ = -43 ppm (cyclisch). Es liegt ein AA′ A″ A‴ XX′X″X‴ Spinsystem vor. 1 kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe C2/c, a = 2240,8(17) pm, b = 885,6(7) pm, c = 2221,8(14) pm, β = 101,72(5)° mit Z = 4 Molekülen in der Elementarzelle. Das Molekül besitzt E-Konformation. Der Vierring ist gefaltet, Diederwinkel 61°. Dadurch nähern sich die P(tBu)2-Gruppen einer äquatorialen und die nichtbindenden Elektronenpaare am Phosphor einer axialen Position.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19916020108
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