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  • copolymerization  (2)
  • methyl vinylidene cyanide  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel cyano-containing copolymers of vinyl esters for piezoelectric materials (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2341-2347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: piezoelectric ; pyroelectric ; cyano-containing copolymers ; methyl vinylidene cyanide ; Lewis acid ; acrylonitrile ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a series of novel cyano-containing copolymers is described. Alternating copolymers of acrylonitrile with vinyl esters are obtained by increasing the electrophilic character of the nitrile monomers by complexation with zinc chloride. Copolymers of methyl and ethyl α-cyanoacrylates with vinyl esters are prepared using radical initiators in the presence of 7% acetic acid as inhibitor for anionic polymerization. The copolymers of methyl α-cyanoacrylate with the vinyl esters have Tg's above 140°C. Methyl vinylidene cyanide (MVCN) copolymerizes spontaneously with para-substituted styrenes to yield copolymers with high inherent viscosities and high Tg (160°C) and the copolymer of MVCN with vinyl acetate is also synthesized. The pyroelectric constants p for these polymers were measured and the values of p for the copolymers of vinyl acetate with methyl β,β-dicyanoacrylate, methyl α-cyanoacrylate, or MVCN were in the same range as the well-studied vinylidene cyanide/vinyl acetate copolymer. A higher concentration of dipoles generally results in higher Tg's and higher pyroelectric coefficients. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080301107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and polymerization studies of N-cyanomethanimine monomers (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2703-2710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: N-cyanomethanimine ; homopolymerization ; copolymerization ; anionic ; free radical ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New imine monomers containing C-aryl and N-cyano substituents were synthesized and polymerized by both radical and anionic initiation. Homopolymerization yielded low molecular weight polymers (Mn 〈 2100). Higher yields were obtained with anionic initiation rather than radical initiation. Radical initiated copolymerization with p-methoxystyrene gave low yields of low molecular weight copolymers. Radical initiated copolymerization with methyl acrylate gave copolymers of 15,000-,32,000 molecular weight in moderate yields, but with rather low incorporation of the imine monomer. The C-substituent affected the anionic and free radical reactivity similarly. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2703-2710, 1997
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of zinc salts on the spontaneous copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine with various electron-rich vinyl monomers (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2787-2792 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 4-vinylpyridine ; zinc ; complexes ; spontaneous ; copolymerization ; electron-rich ; monomers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spontaneous copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) complexed with three different zinc salts (chloride, acetate, and triflate) with various electron-rich vinyl monomers (p-methoxystyrene, MeOSt; p-methylstyrene, MeSt; α-methylstyrene, α-MeSt; p-tert-butylstyrene, BuSt; styrene, St) was investigated in methanol at 75°C. Increasing the zinc salt concentration or the nucleophilicity of the electron-rich monomer increased the copolymer yields. All obtained copolymers are characterized by high molecular weight (105) and broad molecular weight distribution. Both 1H-NMR and elemental analyses confirmed the almost 1 : 1 copolymer structure. Changing the anion of the zinc salt does not have a considerable effect either on the copolymerization rate or on the molecular weight. The proposed mechanism exhibits the formation of a σ-bond between the β-carbons of the two donor-acceptor monomers. This creates the 1,4-tetramethylene biradical intermediate which can initiate the copolymerization reaction. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2787-2792, 1997
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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