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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 3 (1994), S. 139-144 
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: accidental wetlands ; colonization ; hydrophytes ; restoration ecology ; surface mining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Surface mining for coal has dramatically altered millions of hectares throughout the Appalachian region of eastern North America. Flat benches and vertical high walls have replaced well-drained slopes, and wetlands have developed ‘accidentally’ on abandoned benches. Surface mining is continuing in this region, but new regulations do not include specifications for wetland construction in the reclamation process. Recent research has suggested that many ecosystem services appropriate for the Appalachian landscape could be performed by constructed wetlands. Inclusion of wetland construction in a reclamation plan could lead to a net increase in wetland acreage locally, as well as offset the loss of natural and/or accidental wetlands. By studying accidentally-formed wetlands, we hope to determine what species can be established in wetlands that are constructed to enhance nontreatment goals in reclamation. Study sites included 14 emergent wetlands in Wise County, Virginia. Sampling in June and August detected a total of 94 species in 36 vascular plant families. Obligate wetlands species, species that occur in wetlands over 99 percent of the time, were found in all 14 sites and included 26 species. The presence of so many wetland species without intentional management efforts suggests that wetland establishment could become a common component of mine reclamation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Artificial substrates ; colonization ; eutrophication ; protozoa ; secondary production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the recently broadened context of insular biogeographic theory, artificial substrates might well be considered as initially barren islands with the surrounding natural community acting as a source pool of potential colonists. In an attempt to relate protozoan communities forming on polyurethane foam (PF) substrates to their environments, a series of field experiments were performed in several aquatic and semi-aquatic (wetlands) systems in Michigan, Virginia, and Colorado. Results were considered in the context of island colonization theory. Given relatively stable environmental conditions and sufficient time to colonize, protozoa formed highly replicable communities on PF substrates; MacArthur & Wilson's equation for noninteractive island colonization, S = Seq ·(l-e−Gt ), accuratelt described the process of species accrual in most cases. Sites were compared using non-linear regression estimates of the parameter, G, which reflects the rate at which substrates attained equilibrium species numbers. In general, the rate of equilibrium acquisition reflected differences in productivity and structure between the protozoan communities from the various habitats and systems studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 108 (1984), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: assimilative capacity ; protozoans ; communities ; eutrophication ; artificial substrates ; colonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The structural assimilative capacity (ability to maintain biological integrity under stress) of protozoan communities from nine lakes in the area of the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, Michigan, and six stations at Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia, were studied (1) to determine if communities from lakes of differing trophic state differ in their ability to assimilate various amounts of copper sulfate, and (2) to explore the possible influence of average density of individuals and/or qualitative differences in the types of species present on any observed differences in assimilative capacity. In both the northern Michigan and Smith Mountain Lake studies, a trend in response was demonstrated along the eutrophic-oligotrophic gradient; eutrophic communities had a greater structural assimilative capacity than did oligotrophic communities. Both mean species density and community composition appear to be important factors in the ability to maintain structural integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 121 (1985), S. 103-109 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: protozoa ; colonization ; species exchange ; artificial substrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Export of species from sources (epicenters) of differing ages and complexities was examined using laboratory microcosms. Polyurethane foam (PF) artificial substrates were colonized by protozoans for different time periods in a small pond. Substrates were returned to the laboratory and used as epicenters for protozoan colonization of barren PF ‘islands’ in initially sterile microcosms. Islands were exposed to epicenters for either 24 h or continuously for 28 d. Islands from pairs of microcosms exposed to epicenters of identical ages were sampled on 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 46 d after initial epicenter exposure. Colonization parameters were estimated by fitting numbers of colonizing species to the MacArthur-Wilson equilibrium model. Islands exposed continuously to epicenters were colonized by significantly more species than those exposed for only 24 h. Islands exposed to immature, species poor epicenters were colonized by a greater proportion of the source community than those exposed to more mature, species rich epicenters. All islands were depauperate compared to epicenters except those exposed to the most immature (1 d old) epicenter. Colonization continued at a reduced rate in spite of the absence of the epicenter. Results from communities with rapid species turnover and rapidly reproducing species suggest that the continuous presence of a species source is less important for colonization of a new habitat. Dispersal of potential colonists occurs rapidly in these communities. Less mature communities dominated by pioneer forms are more effective at producing colonists than more mature communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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