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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: antagonists ; biological control ; comparative screening ; field screening ; rhizosphere competence ; field performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Different screening methods for selection of biological control agents (BCAs), for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases, are discussed. The shortcomings of laboratory methods focused on mechanism of action are discussed and we conclude that these methods should be used with caution if candidates with multifactorial or plant mediated mechanisms of control are to be obtained. In vitro screens may be useful for specific groups of microorganisms, thus, screens for antibiotics may be relevant for Streptomyces spp., and promising results have been obtained using soil plating or precolonized agar methods to screen for mycoparasitism and competitive saprophytic ability. Experience with screening in the Nordic programme ‘Biological control of seed borne diseases in cereals’ is summarized. Research in the four participating countries – Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark – followed the same paradigm: that of obtaining antagonists, well adapted to different Nordic environments, and developing them as effective BCAs. Potential antagonists were isolated from different sources and in planta screening methods were developed in order to optimize selection of antagonists effective against a range of seed borne pathogens. Screens in the laboratory or greenhouse were followed by screening in the field. The different screening procedures are compared and evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: antagonism ; biological control ; cell wall degrading enzymes ; GUS-transformant ; monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The antagonistic Trichoderma spp. isolates P1 and T3 differed in their ability to colonize and to compete in sphagnum peat moss and on wood chips. In peat supplemented with straw, isolate T3 produced twice as many colony forming units (cfu) as isolate P1. On wood chips, the two isolates formed a similar number of cfu. When the two Trichoderma isolates were cultivated together approximately 85–90% of the cfu were from T3 on both substrates. The presence of Pythium ultimum in peat amended with straw did not influence the number of Trichoderma cfu formed. The two Trichoderma isolates produced different amounts of hydrolytic enzymes both in liquid cultures and in peat. Seven different enzyme activities were tested. Enzyme production by T. harzianum isolate T3 was less influenced by the type of carbon source amendment than that of isolate T. atroviride P1. Culture filtrates of isolate P1 grown on complex carbon sources were high in endochitinase activity, whereas cellulase and endo-1,3-β-glucanase activities were more pronounced in filtrates of isolate T3. There was no significant difference between the two isolates in their ability to protect cucumber seedlings against P. ultimum while the combination of the two fungi resulted in significantly less biocontrol than each isolate alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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