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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil solution chemistry of two reclamation sites in the Lusatian lignite mining district as influenced by organic matter application (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: compost ; fly ash ; lignite ; minesite reclamation ; sewage sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Due to a large reclamation (recultivation) demand in the Lusatian lignite mining district, efficient strategies for the rehabilitation of abandoned mine sites are needed. A field study was conducted for comparing the effects of three different fertilizer treatments (mineral fertilizer, sewage sludge and compost) on soil solution chemistry of both a lignite and pyrite containing spoil as well as a lignite and pyrite free spoil. The lignite and pyrite containing spoil was ameliorated with fly ash from a lignite power plant (17–21 t ha−1 CaO), whereas the lignite and pyrite free site received 7.5 t ha−1 CaO in form of limestone. Fertilizer application rates were: mineral fertilizer 120 N, 100 P and 80 K kg ha−1. 19 t ha−1 sewage sludge and 22 t ha−1 compost were applied. Soil solution was sampled in 20, 60 and 130 cm depth for the period of 16 months. Solution was collected every fortnight and analysed for pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Fen+, Aln+, Mn2+, Zn2+, NO3 −, NH4 +, SO4 2−, Cl−, PO4 3−, Cinorg and DOC. Lignite and pyrite containing spoil differed clearly from lignite and pyrite free spoil regarding soil solution concentrations and composition. Acidity (H+) produced by pyrite oxidation led to an enhanced weathering of minerals and, therefore, to at least 10 fold higher soil solution concentrations compared to the lignite and pyrite free site. Major ions in solution of the lignite and pyrite containing site were Ca2+, Mg2+, Fen+, Aln+ and SO4 2−, whereas soil solution at the lignite and pyrite free site was dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO4 2−. At both sites application of mineral fertilizer led to an immediate but short term (about 1 month) increase of NO3 −, NH4 + and K+ concentrations in soil solution down to a depth of 130 cm. Application of sewage sludge caused a long term (about 16 months) increase of NO3 3 − in the topsoil, whereas NO3 − concentrations in the subsoil were significantly lower compared to the mineral fertilizer plot. Compost application resulted in a strong long-term increase of K+ in soil solution, whereas NO3 − concentrations did not increase. Concentrations of PO4 3− in soil solution depend on solution pH and were not correlated with any treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004421501867
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground beetle communities on reclaimed mine spoil: Effects of organic matter application and revegetation (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: amelioration ; compost ; ground beetles ; mine spoil ; revegetation ; sewage sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract On a study site in the Lusatian lignite mining region (Germany), sandy mine spoil was ameliorated with either sewage sludge, compost or mineral fertilizer. Plots were sown with the grass Secale multicaule and planted with pine seedlings except for a control that was not meliorated and not revegetated. Pitfall catches of ground beetles in 1996/97 yielded high numbers of species and individuals directly after revegetation. The dominant beetles were xerophilic species, known to prefer open sandy sites. Catches in different plots were positively correlated with the amount of vegetation cover and declined as follows: amelioration with sewage sludge 〉 compost 〉 mineral fertilizer 〉 untreated control. Even beetles characteristic of open sandy sites showed a distinct preference for plots with high vegetation cover treated with organic waste. For the dominant species, an attraction to shelter and a more balanced, humid microclimate is assumed. A year-to-year comparison showed an increase in beetles typical of dry grasslands and ruderal sites in the second year, while characteristic species of open sandy sites decreased. Application of organic waste combined with revegetation led to an immediate increase in beetle numbers. In the long term, revegetation would be expected to reduce suitable habitats for endangered ground beetles which prefer open sites with poor sandy soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004508317091
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of litter- and humus-layer quality for rates and forms of N cycling in moder- to rawhumus-moder profiles under Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 213 (1999), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: air pollution ; dissolved organic nitrogen ; net release ; nitrate ; soil cores ; uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In three Scots pine stands in northeastern Germany along a gradient of air pollutant deposition loads (particularly sulfate and alkaline dust), the net N release by decomposition, net N immobilization by microorganisms, net N in- and output via soil solution, net N uptake by plants and net N exudation were studied utilizing the soil core method. Apart from NH4-N and NO3-N dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was measured. The chemical properties of the organic horizons are altered with respect to what is expected from the classification of the moder and rawhumus-moder profiles. These changes are due to former air pollution and site management impacts. Lowest pH values (3.8 in H2O) and widest C:N ratios (27) are found in the moder at the background site Neuglobsow. High concentrations of total extractable N (250 mg N kg−1 d.m.) at this site are explained by the fairly high proportion of extracted DON (64%). The high DON concentrations are correlated to the low pH as well as to high concentrations of total N. Both conditions may stimulate specific microbial activity, known to control the mobilization of soluble organic matter. A shift of the dominant N form to mineral N, especially to NO3-N is observed at the former pollution site Rösa, where pH values are at about 5.2 (H2O). At Rösa the annual net N turnover (189 kg N ha−1 yr−1) is by far higher than at the two other sites (Neuglobsow: 45 and Taura: 70 kg ha−1 yr−1). This holds also true for the annual net N losses (Rösa: 29 kg N ha−1 yr−1, Taura: 9 kg N ha−1 yr−1). At Neuglobsow, instead, net N input of 9 kg ha−1 yr−1 was observed. At the site with the lowest N-input via deposition/fertilization, i.e. Neuglobsow, DON plays an important role for the N fluxes, especially for the N uptake by plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004642305684
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transpiration and hydraulic conductivity in three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands with different air pollution histories (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1677-1682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: stand transpiration ; hydraulic architecture ; Pinus sylvestris L. ; air pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract As part of a project studying the effects of massive reductions in the output of air pollutants in eastern Germany we monitored stand transpiration rates and water stress and analyzed the hydraulic architecture of Scots pine in three stands with different air pollution histories. Sap flow densities were continuously measured in 15 trees per stand with a thermoelectric method. The sap flow densities were scaled up to the stand transpiration rate via the conductive xylem area, which was measured with computer-tomography in the same trees. Radiation (PAR), humidity and temperature were monitored at three levels in the stands, water stress is assessed by predawn water potentials. As a parameter of hydraulic architecture we studied leaf specific conductivity (LSC). The proportion of the heartwood area did not significantly vary along the gradient of air pollution. The variation of sap flow densities within the stands was large. The ratios of sap flow densities in the inner and outer xylem were site-specific and significantly different between the stands. In the stand with the highest rate of air pollution there was a sharp decline in the sap flow densities towards the heartwood. Stand transpiration in the site with the lowest pollution was significantly higher than in the two more polluted sites. LSC in 2 years old twigs was significantly higher in the low pollution stand. In the dry summer of 1994 predawn water potentials fell to extreme values of below 1.6 MPa. At that stage transpiration ceased until the next substantial rainfalls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477221
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