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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils of the Bornhöved Lake district. I. Microbial characteristics and emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide of arable and grassland soils (1997)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 39 (1997), S. 189-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: agricultural soils ; arginine ammonification ; basal respiration ; CO2 emission ; microbial biomass content ; N2O emission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Soil microbial biomass content, organic carbonmineralization as well as arginine ammonificationrates were estimated in samples from arable andgrassland soils and carbon dioxide and nitrous oxideemission rates were measured in situ at four sitesalong a catena. Soil microbial biomass contentincreased in the order, maize monoculture 〈 croprotation 〈 dry grassland 〈 wet grassland. The twoarable soils had similar rates of carbonmineralization in the laboratory at 22 °C (basalrespiration) as well as in situ (carbon dioxideemission) at field temperature. Under crop rotation,maize monoculture and dry grassland, the arginineammonification rate significantly correlated to themicrobial biomass content. In contrast, thebiomass-specific ammonification rate was low in wetgrassland soil, as were in situ N2O emission rates.Data from all sites together revealed no generalrelationship between microbial biomass content and Cand N mineralization rates. In addition, there was nogeneral relationship between the quantity of soilmicrobial biomass and the emission rates of thegreenhouse gases CO2 and N2O. The maize monocultureinduced a soil microbial community that was lessefficient in using organic carbon compounds, as shownby the high metabolic quotient (respiration rate perunit of biomass). However, microbial biomass contentwas proportional to basal respiration rate in soilsunder crop rotation, dry and wet grassland. Arginineammonification rate was related to microbial biomasscontent only in fertilized soils. Applications of highquantities of inorganic nitrogen and farmyard manureapparently increase in situ N2O emission rates,particularly under crop rotation. The microbialbiomass in the unfertilized wet grassland soil seemsto be a sink for nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005867931015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils of the Bornhöved Lake district II. Modelling the influence of temperature increase on soil respiration and organic carbon content in arable soils under different managements (1997)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 39 (1997), S. 207-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: agricultural soils ; climatic change ; modelling ; Q10-value ; soil organic matter ; soil respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Based on field measurements in two agriculturalecosystems, soil respiration and long-term response ofsoil organic carbon content (SOC) was modelled. Themodel predicts the influence of temperature increaseas well as the effects of land-use over a period ofthirty years in a northern German glacial morainelandscape. One of the fields carried a maizemonoculture treated with cattle slurry in addition tomineral fertilizer (“maize monoculture”), the otherwas managed by crop rotation and recieved organicmanure (“crop rotation”). The soils of both fieldswere classified as cambic Arenosols. The soilrespiration was measured in the fields by means of theopen dynamic inverted-box method and an infrared gasanalyser. The mean annual soil respiration rates were 268 (maizemonoculture) and 287 mg CO2 m-2 h-1(crop rotation). Factors controlling soil respirationwere soil temperature, soil moisture, root respirationand carbon input into the soil. Q10-valuesof soil respiration were generally higher in winterthan in summer. This trend is interpreted as anadaptive response of the soil microbial communities.In the model a novel mathematical approach withvariable Q10-values as a result oftemperature and moisture adjustment is proposed. Withthe calibrated model soil respiration and SOC werecalculated for both fields and simulations over aperiod of thirty years were established. Simulationswere based on (1) local climatic data, 1961 until1990, and (2) a regional climate scenario for northernGermany with an average temperature increase of 2.1 K.Over the thirty years period with present climateconditions, the SOC pool under “crop rotation” wasnearly stable due to the higher carbon inputs, whereasabout 16 t C ha-1 were lost under “maizemonoculture”. Under global warming the mean annualsoil respiration for both fields increased and SOCdecreased by ca. 10 t C ha-1 under “croprotation” and by more than 20 t C ha-1 under“maize monoculture”. It was shown that overestimationof carbon losses in long-term prognoses can be avoidedby including a Q10-adjustment in soilrespiration models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005859629197
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