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  • Zea mays  (12)
  • Springer  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and amino-acid analysis of two maize threonine-overproducing, lysine-insensitive aspartate kinase mutants (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 767-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Aspartate kinase Threonine-overproducing mutants ; Lysine ; Methionine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The aspartate-derived amino-acid pathway leads to the production of the essential amino-acids lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine. Aspartate kinase (AK) is the first enzyme in this pathway and exists in isoforms that are feedback inhibited by lysine and threonine. Two maize (Zea mays L.) threonine-overproducing, lysine-insensitive AK mutants (Ask1-LT19 and Ask2-LT20) were previously isolated. The present study was conducted to determine the map location of Ask2 and to examine the amino-acid profiles of the Ask mutants. The threonine-overproducing trait conferred by Ask2-LT20 was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2. Both mutants exhibited increased free threonine concentrations (nmol/mg dry weight) over wild-type. The percent free threonine increased from approximately 2% in wild-type kernels to 37–54% of the total free amino-acid pool in homozygous mutant kernels. Free methionine concentrations also increased significantly in homozygous mutants. Free lysine concentrations were increased but to a much lesser extent than threonine or methionine. In contrast to previous studies, free aspartate concentrations were observed to decrease, indicating a possible limiting factor in threonine synthesis. Total (free plus protein-bound) amino-acid analyses demonstrated a consistent, significant increase in threonine, methionine and lysine concentrations in the homozygous mutants. Significant increases in protein-bound (total minus free) threonine, methionine and lysine were observed in the Ask mutants, indicating adequate protein sinks to incorporate the increased free amino-acid concentrations. Total amino-acid contents (nmol/kernel) were approximately the same for mutant and wild-type kernels. In five inbred lines both Ask mutations conferred the threonine-overproducing phenotype, indicating high expressivity in different genetic backgrounds. These analyses are discussed in the context of the regulation of the aspartate-derived amino-acid pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223717
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fitting plants to soil through mycorrhizal fungi: Mycorrhiza effects on plant growth and soil organic matter (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; Mycorrhiza ; Soil organic matter ; VAM response ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi affect diverse aspects of plant form and function. Since mycorrhiza-mediated changes in host-plant responses to root colonization by different VAM fungi vary widely, it is important to assess each endophyte for each specific effect it can elicit from its host as part of the screening process for effectiveness. Three species of VAM fungi and a mixture of species were compared with non-VAM controls for their effects on soil organic matter contents and on nutrition and morphology in two varieties (native and hybrid) of corn (Zea mays L.) and one of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in P-sufficient and N-deficient soil in pot cultures. Differences in soil organic matter due to the fungal applications were highly significant with all host plants. Native corn responded more to VAM colonization than the hybrid did; differences in treatments were significant in leaf area, plant biomass, and root: shoot ratio in the former, but not in the latter. Responses in the sunflower were similar to those in the native corn. Significant VAM treatment-related differences in shoot N and P contents were not reflected in shoot biomass, which was invariant. Correlations between plant or soil parameters and the intensity of VAM colonization were found only in soil organic matter with the native corn, in specific leaf area in the hybrid corn, and in plant biomass in the sunflower. The presence of the different endophytes and not the intensity of colonization apparently elicited different host responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336426
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fitting plants to soil through mycorrhizal fungi: plant nutrition in host-endophyte combinations evaluated by the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: DRIS ; Helianthus annus ; Plant nutrition ; VAM ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi improve plant growth in marginal soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of three species of VAM fungi on plant nutrition in two cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) and one of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Plants were grown in pot cultures under controlled (greenhouse) conditions in a soil high in K, Mg, and P, and low in Ca and N, and were supplied with amounts of VAM-fungal inocula in which equal numbers of infective propagules had previously been determined. Analysis of variance showed highly significant main effects and interactions due to both factors (plant and fungus) for N, P, Ca, and Mg. For K, only plant effects were significant (P〈0.043). The uptake of nutrients was selectively enhanced or inhibited by one or the other VAM fungus relative to non-VAM control plants. In sunflower, N concentration was markedly enhanced (73%) by the mixed inoculum of the three fungi, even though individual effects were not significant. Evaluation of leaf nutrient analyses by the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) revealed the utility of this system to rank nutritional effects by VAM fungi in an order of relative nutrient deficiency. The DRIS therefore is seen as a useful tool in evaluating and selecting VAM fungi for the alleviation of specific nutrient disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336425
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indonesian mungbean landraces I. Pure-line selection for yield when intercropped with maize (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 783-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Vigna radiata ; mungbean ; Zea mays ; maize ; landrace ; intercropping ; pure-line selection ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary When mungbean landraces from East Java were intercropped with maize, genetic variation for grain yield was observed. Three cycles of selection resulted in a yield increase of 24% as compared to the original landraces. The yield of the maize component in the mixture was not affected by the increase of the mungbean yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051861
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indonesian mungbean landraces II. Comparison of performance, components of variance and selection for grain yield under wide row-spacing in monoculture and when intercropped with maize (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 791-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Vigna radiata ; mungbean ; Zea mays ; maize ; landrace ; intercropping ; monoculture ; genotype x environment interaction ; single-plant selection ; progeny selection ; grain yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The possibility of testing mungbean for grain yield in monoculture in single wide-spaced row plots as an alternative to selection in intercropping with maize was investigated. Results indicated no significant genotype x planting pattern interactions and genetic correlation coefficients between grain yields in the two planting patterns were, in most cases, close to unity. It was concluded that, as far as the mungbean component in the mixture is concerned, yield selection in either of the two planting patterns is justified. Effects of single-plant and progeny selection on mungbean characteristics were also studied empirically. Lines derived from single-plant selection in monocropping or intercropping showed differences in yield, number of pods per plant and seed weight. Except for seed weight, no differential effects of progeny selection in monoculture or intercropping were observed for any characteristic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051862
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The CAT-2 null phenotype in maize is likely due to a DNA insertion into the Cat2 gene (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Catalase null ; Zea mays ; Catalase transcript ; Transposable element
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The molecular basis for a shorter Cat2 transcript in maize lines null for the CAT-2 catalase iso/yme was investigated using cDNA libraries and genomic DNA blots. Sequence comparison of partial Cat2 cDNAs obtained from two CAT-2 null lines and a wild-type CAT-2 encoding cDNA showed that the Cat2 null transcripts diverged from the wild-type transcript but remained homologous to each other. Genomic DNA blots indicated that the missing portion of the transcript is present in the genomes of lines null for the CAT-2 isozyme. Differences in the hybridization patterns of normal and null lines were revealed when genomic DNA blots were probed with the full-length Cat2 cDNA, a Cat2 gene-specific probe, and a “null sequence” probe. Together, the DNA blotting results suggest that a rearrangement of the Cat2 gene has occurred in the CAT-2 null lines. The available data suggest that the CAT-2 null mutation in maize is due to a DNA insertion into the Cat2 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226730
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal location of the catalase structural genes in Zea mays using B-A translocations (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: B-A translocations ; Catalase Mapping ; Structural genes ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary B-A translocations have been used to map the catalase genes, Cat1, Cat2, and Cat3 of Zea mays. Cat1 was found to be on the short arm of chromosome 5, 9.1 map units from brittle endosperm (bt 1). Cat2 was located on chromosome 1S, while Cat3 was located on the distal half of chromosome 1L. There was no linkage between Cat2 and Cat3. The significance of mapping the catalase structural genes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288439
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of variants affecting the catalase developmental program in maize scutellum (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Catalase ; Gene expression ; Regulatory genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The catalase of maize scutella is coded for by two loci, Cat1 and Cat2, which are differentially expressed in this tissue during early seedling growth. Two variant lines have been previously identified in which the developmental program for the expression of the Cat2 structural gene in the scutellum has been altered. Line R6–67 exhibits higher than normal levels of CAT-2 catalase in this tissue after four days of postgerminative growth. This phenotype is controlled by a temporal regulatory gene designated Car1. Line A16 exhibits a CAT-2 null phenotype. Further analysis of Car1 verifies the initial indication that it is trans-acting and exhibits strict tissue (scutellum) specificity. A screen of other available inbred lines uncovered eight additional catalase high-activity lines. All eight lines exhibit significantly higher than normal levels of CAT-2 protein. Two of these lines have been shown to be regulated by Car1 as in R6–67. Another line (A338) uncovered during the screen exhibits a null phenotype for CAT-2 protein and resembles A16. Catalase activity levels are low in the scutellum and no CAT-2 CRM (cross-reacting material) is present in the tissues of this line. Also, unlike most maize lines, CAT-2 cannot be induced in the leaf tissue of A338 upon exposure to light. Finally, a single line (A337), demonstrating a novel catalase developmental program, was identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262543
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the catalase and superoxide dismutase genes in mature pollen in maize (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 705-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Catalase ; Gene expression ; Pollen ; superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The expression of the Cat and Sod genes encoding the multiple catalases and superoxide dismutases in maize has been studied in maize pollen at anther dehiscence. Pollen from three catalase activity variant inbred lines was examined. Zymorgram analysis, immunoassays, and RNA blots show that, in the lines used, only the CAT-1 catalase isozyme is expressed in mature pollen; the CAT-2 and CAT-3 isozymes are not. The data presented further demonstrate that the Cat1 gene is transcribed and translated after tetrad formation. The relative protein levels of the various superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes appear to be similar in pollen and scutella, and correspond to the relatively low levels observed for the different Sod transcripts in these tissues. The presence of “double” transcripts for Sod3 and Sod4A is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224233
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of tolerance to low-phosphorus stress in maize using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 561-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)-Phosphorus (P) stress-quantitative trait loci (QTLs)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An understanding of the genetic nature underlying tolerance to low-phosphorus (low-P) stress could aid in the efficient development of tolerant plant strains. The objective of this study was to identify the number of loci in a maize (Zea mays L.) population segregating for tolerance to low-P stress, their approximate location, and the magnitude of their effect. Seventy-seven restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were identified and scored in a maize F2 population derived from a cross between line NY821 and line H99. The F2 individuals were self-pollinated to produce F3 families. Ninety F3 families were grown in a sand-alumina system, which simulated diffusion-limited, low-P soil conditions. The F3 families were evaluated for vegetative growth in a controlled-environment experiment. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying tolerance to low-P stress, the mean phenotypic performances of the F3 families were contrasted based on genotypic classification at each of 77 RFLP marker loci. Six RFLP marker loci were significantly associated with performance under low-P stress (P〈0.01). One marker locus accounted for 25% of the total phenotypic variation. Additive gene action was predominant for all of the QTLs identified. Significant marker loci were located on four separate chromosomes representing five unlinked genomic regions. Two marker loci were associated with an additive by additive epistatic interaction. A multiple regression model including three marker loci and the significant epistatic interaction accounted for 46% of the total phenotypic variation. Heterozygosity per se was not predictive of phenotypic performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226791
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