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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electrochemical determination of ammonium based on the selective inhibition of the low-spin iron(II)/(III) system of Prussian blue (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of solid state electrochemistry 1 (1997), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key words Prussian blue ; Ammonium ; Voltammetry ; Flow-through ; Kjeldahl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new method is described for the determination of ammonium in aqueous solutions with electrodes modified by Prussian blue (PB). The specific voltammetric response of PB-modified electrodes to ammonium ions is used for their analytical determination. In the presence of ammonium ions, a concentration-dependent inhibition of the low-spin iron(II/III) system of PB occurs. Only thallium and rubidium ions cause similar inhibition. A useful electrochemical determination method is thus available for detecting ammonium ions in the presence of frequently interfering potassium and sodium ions. Paraffin-impregnated graphite electrodes modified with a mechanically transferred PB layer and bulk-modified PB-composite electrodes are studied. The method is applicable within a concentration range which extends from 4 × 10−5 mol/l to 10−2 mol/l NH4 +. The composite electrode is used in an electrochemical flow-through system in conjunction with the Kjeldahl method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080050051
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical behaviour of solid lithium nickelate (LiNiO2) in an aqueous electrolyte system (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of solid state electrochemistry 4 (1999), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key words Lithium nickelate ; Solid state electrochemisty ; Proton intercalation ; Voltammetry ; Immobilized microparticles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Lithium nickelate was synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature combustion. The electrochemical behaviour of the product was studied by cyclic voltammetry of microparticles immobilized on the surface of graphite electrodes. Whereas numerous previous studies have dealt with non-aqueous electrolyte solutions, here the behaviour of lithium nickelate in contact with aqueous electrolyte solutions was investigated. It could be shown that protons are intercalating upon reduction of the Ni(III) to Ni(II) and deintercalating upon oxidation. This insertion electrochemistry is chemically reversible. Within 1600 oxidation-reduction cycles, the response diminished only by about 10%. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a considerable recrystallization during the electrochemical cycles. Energy dispersive X-ray detection proved that no metal cations are intercalating. The electrochemical system is accessible only in very alkaline solutions as it shifts to more positive values with decreasing pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080050187
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic in situ diffuse reflectance spectroelectrochemistry of solid state electrochemical reactions of particles immobilized on electrodes (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of solid state electrochemistry 1 (1997), S. 62-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key wordsSpectroelectrochemistry ; Diffuse reflectance spectrometry ; Solid state electrochemistry ; Voltammetry ; Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An instrumental setup is described which allows electrochemical measurements to be performed with solid particles immobilized on the surface of a graphite electrode with in situ recording of diffuse reflectance spectra under an incident light microscope. The instrument used includes a special electrochemical cell and a microscope which is interfaced by a light␣guide to a transputer-integrated photodiode-array spectrometer allowing measurements ranging from 320 to 950 nm with a resolution of 3.2 nm/pixel and a PC-interfaced potentiostat. The 0R0 geometry of the optical arrangement and the use of crossed polarization filters for blocking specular reflectance makes it possible to use the Kubelka-Munk function for quantifying the optical measurements. The above instrument has been used for the study of the electrochromic system of solid silver octacyanomolybdate(IV/V) adjacent to a silver nitrate solution. The in situ diffuse reflec tance spectroelectrochemical measurements prove that the electrochemical reaction starts at the graphite/sample interface and then advances into the bulk of the sample towards the sample/electrolyte interface. The ratios Red:Ox determined by spectrometry and chronocoulometry as a function of electrode potentials are identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080050023
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