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  • Articles  (23)
  • Chemistry  (20)
  • Organic Chemistry  (18)
  • biological control  (2)
  • Viroids  (1)
  • General Chemistry
  • 1980-1984  (14)
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of viroids (1983)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 9 (1983), S. 145-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Viroids ; Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Hydrodynamics ; Function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viroids are an independent class of plant pathogens which are distinguished from viruses by the absence of a protein coat and by their unusually small size. They are single-stranded circular RNAs composed of about 360 nucleotide residues. Sequence analysis and physicochemical studies of the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) have shown that, as a result of intra-molecular base pairing, viroids form a unique rod-like secondary structure which is characterized by a serial arrangement of double-helical sections and internal loops. There is no indication for an additional tertiary structure because all parts of the molecule are freely accessible to ligand interaction. During the denaturation all of the native base pairs of viroids are dissociated in one highly cooperative transition, and in the same process very stable hairpins which are not present in the native structure are newly formed. Most of the properties of the structure and structural transitions of PSTV have been found also in citrus exocortis viroid, chrysanthemum stunt viroid and four different viroid-like RNAs associated with the cadang-cadang disease. The close similarity between these viroids is more expressed in the overall structure and in thermodynamic and functional domains than in the primary sequence. The stiffness of all viroids can be described by an unique persistence length of 300 å. Characteristically, regions of premelting, regions of stable hairpins, and the sequence UACUACCCGGUGG which is opposite to one of the stable hairpins, are the most conservative sequences in the molecules. Current hypotheses about the function of viroids are discussed on the basis of their structural and thermodynamic features. The suggestion that viroid RNA has features similar to DNA has been supported by the finding that they are replicated in vitro by the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of the host plant. The highly conserved sequence in viroids mentioned above corresponds very closely to a segment at the 5′-end of the small nuclear RNA U1 of eukaryotes. Because this segment is discussed in recent models, to be involved in the splicing process, a hypothesis is proposed in which viroids interfere with the splicing process leading to a pathogenic misregulation of mRNA processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00537813
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 909-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; biological control ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; host density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum Riley females exhibit success-motivated searching after oviposition. The stimulatory effect of contact with host eggs makes host-egg density an important factor in determining the appropriate strategy for behavioral manipulation, using kairomones, that simulate host seeking, in biological control programs. Host eggs can be used, in conjunction with kairomones or by themselves, to improve the performance of these important beneficial insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987616
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: X. Laboratory studies on manipulation of host-finding behavior ofTrichogramma pretiosum riley1 with a kairomone extracted fromHeliothis zea (boddie) moth scales (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 635-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; parasitoids ; biological control ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogramma tidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noeturidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral response ofTrichogramma pretiosum Riley females to the kairomone found inHeliothis zea (Boddie) moth scales is examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987711
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kommentar zur VOB Teil C/DW 18364: Korrosionsschutzarbeiten an Stahl- und Aluminiumbauten. Von R. Herm und M. Wuibel. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt GmbH, Stuttgart, 1982. 216 S., gebunden mit Schutzumschlag, DM 68,- (1983)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 153-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19830340312
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über α-substituierte Phosphonsäureester. X. Synthese von α-Chlor-α-methoxy-methanphosphonsäureestern und α-Chlor-α-methylthio-methanphosphonsäureestern (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 312 (1970), S. 475-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Chlorierung von Alkoxy- bzw. Alkylthio-methanphosphonsäureestern oder durch Umsetzung von Dichlormethylmethyläther bzw. -sulfid mit Phosphorigsäuretriäthylestern bzw. mit Phosphorigsäurediäthylester-Na wurden α-Chlor-α-methoxy- bzw. α-Chlor-α-methylthio-methanphosphonsäureester 4 dargestellt.Durch Umsetzung des Thioderivates 4 d mit Phosphorigsäureestern konnte der Methyl-thiomethan-bis-phosphonsäuretetraäthylester gewonnen werden, der u. a. auch aus Dichlormethylmethylsulfid analog in einer Synthesestufe zugänglich war. - Nach den beschriebenen Verfahren wurde schließlich α,α-Dichlor-α-methylthio-methanphosphonsäurediäthylester 7, bzw. das analoge Phenoxyderivat 9 synthetisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19703120312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von β-Nitroalkenyl-benzylphosphorylderivaten (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 323 (1981), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of β-Nitroalkenyl-benzylphosphorylderivativesStarting from methoxy-chlormethylbenzaldehydes 2 the benzylphosphonates and -phosphinoxides 3 A, B had been synthesized, which could be transformed via the Schiff-bases 4 A, B to phosphorylated nitrostyrenes 5 A, B and nitropropenylbenzenederivatives 6 A, B. The phosphonoacids 3 Ad, 3 Bd and 6 Ba could be prepared from the corresponding esters by direct acidic hydrolysis or by dealkylation with trimethylsilylbromide and hydrolysis of the trimethylsilylesters respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19813230302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. 37. α-Pyrrolomethanphosphonsäurederivate und N-Vinylpyrrole (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 323 (1981), S. 877-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. 37. Derivatives of α-Pyrrolomethanephosphonic Acid and N-VinylpyrrolesDiethyl α-aminomethanephosphonate 5a and its α-aryl derivatives 5b-d react with 2,5-diethoxytetrahydrofuran 1 to give diethyl α-pyrrolomethanephosphonate 9a and the α-aryl derivatives 9b-d, respectively. The pyrrolo derivatives 9 can be converted into the lithium salts 15 and 16, respectively, which with carbonyl compounds undergo the HORNER reaction yielding E/Z-mixtures of N-vinylpyrroles 18. In certain cases the intermediate of the HORNER reaction, the β-hydroxyphosphonate 17, can be isolated. The pyrrolo-analogue of stilbene, 18a, is formed only as E-isomer. On treating the lithium salts 15 and 16 with 9 or with alkyl halides α-C-alkylated pyrrolo-phosphonates 22 and 23, respectively, are obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19813230605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    J. Mathieu, J. Weill-Raynal, Formation of C—C Bonds. Vol. I: Introduction of a Functional Carbon Atom. (Bildung von C—C Bindungen. Band I: Einführung eines Kohlenstoffatoms mit funktioneller Gruppe). XXV, 495 S., 1900 Formelschemata, 150 Tab. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. 1973. DM 128,- (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1054-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160625
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über α-substituierte Phosphonate. XIV. Phosphorylderivate aus 2,2-Bis-[hydroxymethyl]-norbornen-(5) (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 532-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,2-Bis-[hydroxymethyl]-norbornen-(5) 5 läßt sich in bekannter Weise in Cyclische Derivate der phosphorigen Säure, wie z. B, das Diesterchlorid 6, den Triester 8a oder den Diester9 überführen; 6, 8a bzw. 9 wurden in verschiedener Weise weiter umgesetzt. Zum Unterschied von anderen cyclischen Phosphorigsäureestern reagiert 8a unter den Bedingungen der ARBUSOV- bzw. PERKOV-Reaktion mit verschiedenen C-Halogenverbindungen ausschließlich ohne Ringöffnung zu cyclischen Phosphonsäurederivaten, vermutlich wegen der Hinderung desnucleophilen Angriffs auf die Neopentyl-analogen CH2-Gruppen des Dioxaphosphanrings.  -  Die dargestellten Dioxan- bzw. Dioxaphosphanderivate liegen nach Ausweis der NMR-Spektren als Stereoisomerengemische vor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140319
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versuche zur Synthese von Derivaten der O-Methylmandelsäure (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 312 (1970), S. 284-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chlormethoxyessigsäure-methylester 1 reagiert wie mit Aromaten auch mit aromatischen Heterocyclen, DVB-vernetztem Polystyrol bzw. geeignet substituierten Phenolen unter Bildung der entsprechenden analogen Derivate von O-Methylmandelsäure- oder Diarylessigsäureester.  -  Phenolester von O-Methylmandelsäuren sind nur aus den entsprechenden Säurechloriden darstellbar. Bei Versuchen zur Umesterung der Methylester mit Phenolen erhält man unter Kondensation Lactone der o-Hydroxyphenylessigsäure. - Aus 1,2,2,2-Tetrachloräthyl-methyläther 11 und Aromaten sind u.a. 2′,2′,2′-Trichlor-1′-methoxyäthylbenzole 12 zugänglich, die entgegen Angaben der Literatur nicht zu den erwarteten O-Methylmandelsäurederivaten hydrolysierbar sind. Mit K-tert.-Butylat erhält man aus 12a 2′,2′-Dichlor-1′-methoxystyrol, dessen Hydrolyse zu 2′,2′-Dichloracetophenon führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19703120213
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