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  • 1
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    High-Resolution Imaging of Texture and Microstructure by the Moving Detector Method (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to describe texture and microstructure of a polycrystalline material completely, crystal orientation g={?1F?2} must be known in all points x={x1?x2?x3} of the material. This can be achieved by locationresolved diffraction of high-energy, i.e. short-wave, X-rays from synchrotron sources. Highest resolution in the orientation- as well as the location-coordinates can be achieved by three variants of a detector sweeping technique in which an area detector is continuously moved during exposure. This technique results in two-dimensionally continuous images which are sections and projections of the six-dimensional orientation location space. Further evaluation of these images depends on whether individual grains are resolved in them or not. Because of the high penetration depth of high-energy synchrotron radiation in matter, this technique is also, and particularly, suitable for the investigation of the interior of big samples.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 548 ; VAE 120 ; VKA 200 ; VGA 410 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Gefügekunde der Gesteine ; Röntgenanalyse {Mineralogie: Kristallographie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 18 S.
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    High-Resolution Imaging of Texture and Microstructure by the Moving Detector Method (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to describe texture and microstructure of a polycrystalline material completely, crystal orientation g={?1F?2} must be known in all points x={x1?x2?x3} of the material. This can be achieved by locationresolved diffraction of high-energy, i.e. short-wave, X-rays from synchrotron sources. Highest resolution in the orientation- as well as the location-coordinates can be achieved by three variants of a detector sweeping technique in which an area detector is continuously moved during exposure. This technique results in two-dimensionally continuous images which are sections and projections of the six-dimensional orientation location space. Further evaluation of these images depends on whether individual grains are resolved in them or not. Because of the high penetration depth of high-energy synchrotron radiation in matter, this technique is also, and particularly, suitable for the investigation of the interior of big samples.
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VKA 200 ; VGA 410 ; 38.03
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
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    The Viking biological investigation - General aspects (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Viking biological investigation has tested four different hypotheses regarding the possible nature of Martian organisms. While significant results were obtained for each of these, tests of three of the hypotheses appear to indicate the absence of biology in the samples used, while the fourth is consistent with a biological interpretation. The original assumptions for each experiment and the experimental procedures that were utilized to test these assumptions are reviewed.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Studies of specific hepatic enzymes involved in the conversion of carbohydrates to lipids in rats exposed to prolonged spaceflight aboard Cosmos 1129 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N81-32831)
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The Viking biological experiments on Mars (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The three biological experiments on board the Viking Mars Landers are discussed. The gas exchange experiment provided periodic measurements of the composition and quantity of gases from Martian surface material, either in a humid or a wet nutrient sampling mode. The labeled release experiment demonstrated that adding an aqueous solution of dilute radioactive compounds to Martian material caused a rapid release of labeled gas. The results of the pyrolytic release experiment remain difficult to interpret. Data from the first two experiments suggest that oxidants (including H2O2 and iron oxide) rather than biota may account for all the observed reactions.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Icarus; 34; June 197
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Stabilization of the yeast desaturase system by low levels of oxygen (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The stability of particulate palmitoyl-CoA desaturase preparations from anaerobically grown yeast cells was increased by exposure to low levels of oxygen. The stabilizing effect of oxygen may be based upon the increased amounts of palmitoleic acid and ergosterol that become available to the cells. These results suggest the evolutinary appearance of this system at a time when atmospheric oxygen was at a low level.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Origins of Life (ISSN 0302-1688); 13; March 19
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    General constraints on the Viking biology investigation (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper discusses some of the constraints pertaining to the Viking mission for detection of life on Mars, within which the Viking experiments were conceived, designed, and developed. The most important limitation to the entire study is the complete information about the nature of Mars, such as the chemical composition of the surface material of Mars and the exact identification of the constituents of that planet. Ways in which celestial mechanics places severe limitations on the Viking biology investigation are discussed. Major engineering constraints are examined relative to the accomodation of biology instrument inside the Viking lander and to the design of the instrument itself. Other constraints discussed concern the operational aspects of the mission and the testing program.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Origins of Life; 7; Aug. 197
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Factors affecting the palmitoyl-coenzyme A desaturase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The activity and stability of the palmitoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was influenced by several factors. Cells, grown nonaerobically and then incubated with glucose, either in air or under N2, showed a marked increase in desaturase activity. Cycloheximide, added during such incubations, prevented the increase in activity, suggesting de novo synthesis. The stability of the desaturase from cells grown nonaerobically was affected by subsequent treatment of the cells; enzyme from freshly harvested cells, or from cells that were then shaken under nitrogen, readily lost activity upon washing or during density gradient analysis, whereas aerated cells, in the presence or absence of glucose, yielded stable enzyme preparations. The loss of activity in nonaerobic preparations could be reversed by adding soluble supernatant from these homogenates and could be prevented by growing the cells in the presence of palmitoleic acid and ergosterol, but not with several other lipids tested.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 124; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    The Viking mission search for life on Mars (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The scientific payload on the Viking Mars landers is described. Shortly after landing, two facsimile cameras capable of stereoscopic imaging will scan the landing site area in black and white, color, and infrared to reveal gross evidence of past or present living systems. A wide range mass spectrometer will record a complete mass spectrum for soil samples from mass 12 to mass 200 every 10.3 sec. Three experiments based on different assumptions on the nature of life on Mars, if it exists, will be carried out by the bio-lab. A pyrolytic release experiment is designed to measure photosynthetic or dark fixation of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide into organic compounds. A labelled release experiment will test for metabolic activity during incubation of a surface sample moistened with a solution of radioactively labelled simple organic compounds. A gas exchange experiment will detect changes in the gaseous medium surrounding a soil sample as the result of metabolic activity. The hardware, function, and terrestrial test results of the bio-lab experiments are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: Nature; 262; July 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Oxygen as a factor in eukaryote evolution - Some effects of low levels of oxygen on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A comparative study of the effects of varying levels of oxygen on some of the metabolic functions of the primitive eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has shown that these cells are responsive to very low levels of oxygen: the level of palmitoyl-Co A desaturase was greatly enhanced by only 0.03 vol % oxygen. Similarly, an acetyl-CoA synthetase associated predominantly with anaerobic growth was stimulated by as little as 0.1% oxygen, while an isoenzyme correlated with aerobic growth was maximally active at much higher oxygen levels (greater than 1%). Closely following this latter pattern were three mitochondrial enzymes that attained maximal activity only under atmospheric levels of oxygen.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Origins of Life; 9; Sept
    Format: text
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