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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian changes in melatonin in the nervous system and hemolymph of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 761-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Biogenic amines ; HPLC ; Trichoplusia ni ; Circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative levels of melatonin and 5-hydroxytryptamine were measured over the scotophase in the protocerebrum, subesophageal ganglion, optic lobes, thoracic ganglia, and hemolymph of adult male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni, using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Melatonin levels were very low (s 〈 1 pmol) or undetectable during the photophase, but increased in all tissues during the dark. Lowest mean levels in the dark were observed in the optic lobes (0.3 to 0.7 pmols). Maximal mean levels in the protocerebrum (5.2 pmols) occurred in the early part of the scotophase, but in all other tissues (2.8 in the subesophageal ganglion; 9.5 in thoracic ganglia) and hemolymph (18 pg/μl) maximal mean levels were observed later in the dark. Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in each tissue, in contrast, were higher than melatonin levels in the photophase, and in the protocerebrum and thoracic ganglia decreased during the dark, but in the optic lobes and subesophageal ganglion remained unchanged. Further, decreases in 5-hydroxytryptamine during the dark were significantly lower than the increased levels of melatonin, suggesting that active synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine was occurring. In a second experiment, when measured from individuals in three different photoperiods (6∶18, 12∶12, 18∶6 light∶dark) maximum mean melatonin levels in the brain (protocerebral and subesophageal ganglia) peaked within the first 1.5 h of the dark and remained at measurable levels for the duration of the dark. In a third experiment, levels of melatonin in the brain and thoracic ganglia displayed rhythmicity in continuous dark conditions but not in continuous light, when compared with profiles obtained in a normal light ∶ dark regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192624
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity of male response to multicomponent pheromones in noctuid mothsTrichoplusia ni andPseudoplusia includens (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pseudoplusia includens ; Trichoplusia ni ; multicomponent pheromone blends ; sustained-flight tunnel ; behavioral thresholds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The response of male cabbage looper (CL) and soybean iooper (SBL) moths was observed in the flight tunnel and measured in field tests to the six-component CL pheromone, the five-component SBL pheromone, and toZ7–12: OAc, the major component common to each pheromone. In both the flight tunnel and the field, male CL exhibited significantly greater levels of response to their six-component blend than toZ7–12: OAc alone. A low level of cross-attraction of male CL to the SBL pheromone was observed in both the flight tunnel and the field, but it was quantitatively and qualitatively similar to their response toZ7–12: OAc alone. Thus the minor components of the SBL blend did not appear to disrupt the flight behavior of male CL. With respect to SBL, in the flight tunnel males also exhibited a greater level of response to the five-component blend compared toZ7–12: OAc, but in the field their response was not significantly different to either treatment. There was also a low level of cross-attraction of male SBL to the CL blend, but this appeared to involve a significant arrestment effect on the upwind flight of males, as well as a difference in male sensitivity to the blend of components compared withZ7–12: OAc alone. The observed arrestment effect may have been due to male perception of one or more minor components of the CL pheromone. The results show that the multicomponent pheromones of these species function effectively as specific mating signals and that discrimination of odor quality by male moths can occur as the result of minor components affecting male sensitivity or their upwind flight response to the pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022530
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redundancy in a chemical signal: Behavioral responses of maleTrichoplusia ni to a 6-Component sex pheromone blend (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1635-1658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper moth ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; redundancy ; flight tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The flight response of maleTrichoplusia ni was observed in a flight tunnel to a sex pheromone blend composed of six components:Z7–12∶Ac, 12∶Ac,Z5-12∶Ac, 11-12∶Ac,Z7-14∶Ac, and Z9-14∶Ac. The number of males reaching a 3000-μg source of this blend was 〉 95%, equal to that observed to female glands and significantly greater than with the previously identified two-component blend (Z7-12∶Ac + 12∶Ac). In subtraction tests, all five-component blends, with the exception of the blend lacking the primary componentZ7-12∶Ac, and several four-component blends elicited similar peak levels of upwind flight, source contacts, and hairpencil displays to that observed with the six-component blend. We characterize the substitution of certain minor components for one another as a form of redundancy in the chemical signal and suggest that it contributes to response specificity and signal recognition in males. The results also support the concept that the full blend of components acts as a unit to influence male behavior at all phases of the response. Individual minor components were not responsible for eliciting specific behaviors in the sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988431
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of new sex pheromone components inTrichoplusia ni, predicted from biosynthetic precursors (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1309-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni ; pheromone ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; 11-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In addition to the previously identified components (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, sex pheromone glands ofTrichoplusia ni release (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate. Bioassays in a flight tunnel showed that a synthetic blend of these six compounds elicited complete flights to the source from 95% of the males tested and elicited hairpenciling responses at the end of the flights from 88% of the males tested. This blend was not significantly different from intact pheromone glands, which elicited complete flights to the source from 98% of the males tested and hairpenciling responses from 91% of the males tested. In contrast, the previously identified two-component blend elicited significantly fewer complete flights to the source (33%) and did not elicit hairpenciling responses from any of the males tested. The search for additional sex pheromone components was prompted by our previous identification of unusual fatty acyl moieties in the gland that seemed to be possible biosynthetic intermediates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988113
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulatory effects of octopamine and serotonin on male sensitivity and periodicity of response to sex pheromone in the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 161-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: sex pheromone ; sustained-flight tunnel ; Trichoplusia ni ; octopamine ; serotonin ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; biogenic amines ; circadian rhythms ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The pheromone-mediated flight behavior of male cabbage looper moths in a sustained-flight tunnel and random activity exhibited during scotophase were observed after males were treated with octopamine or serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine). Octopamine induced a hypersensitivity to the olfactory signal, resulting in a significant lowering of the pheromone dose that elicited peak levels of response. Octopamine, however, did not affect the circadian rhythmicity of response to pheromone. In contrast, serotonin disrupted the circadian rhythmicity of response, resulting in a high percentage of males exhibiting random activity and response to pheromone throughout the entire 8 h scotophase instead of during the normal peak period during the latter part of the scotophase. Serotonin did not effect a decrease in the dose of pheromone eliciting peak response. In addition, at the highest dosages tested octopamine and serotonin induced opposite postures associated with a paralysis that occurred when males attempted to take flight to the pheromone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030206
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