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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (1)
  • Transmitter NMDA  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 177-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: KeywordsXenopus tadpole ; Pineal ; Transmitter NMDA ; Photoreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pineal eye of Xenopus laevis tadpoles is directly photosensitive. A sudden reduction in light intensity produces a burst of activity in the pineal ganglion cells, which is closely followed by the onset of swimming. In this paper I present the results of experiments on the effects of agonists and antagonists of candidate pineal transmitters on ganglion cell activity. I found that NMDA and non-NMDA excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonists increased pineal activity, indicating the presence of both types of receptor. Kynurenic acid reduced activity, thus confirming that the photoreceptor transmitter is an EAA. Under physiological conditions, CNQX blocked activity almost completely whilst AP5 had little effect. In Mg2+-free saline CNQX had a considerably smaller effect, but joint application of CNQX and AP5 blocked almost all activity; therefore, the NMDA receptors are subject to blockage by Mg2+. Although GABAA and ACh receptors appear to be present, no evidence was found for GABA or ACh as pineal transmitters. In addition, 5-HT had no effect on pineal activity. The main pineal transmitter is an EAA acting on ganglion cells through both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. Other receptors are present but appear to have no role in controlling pineal activity at this stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 409 (1974), S. 106-114 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Katalytische Oxydation von Wasserstoff an NickeloxidenDie katalytische Oxydation von Wasserstoff an hochdispersen sowie gesinterten Nickeloxiden wurde mit einer statischen Methode untersucht und das Vorhandensein zweier verschiedener kinetischer Bereiche festgestellt. Zwischen 0 und 100°C war die anfängliche katalytische Aktivität nicht stationär, und eine stark vergiftende Wirkung des Reaktionsproduktes wurde bei allen Temperaturen bis zu 250°C beobachtet. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Reaktion, die auf den anfänglichen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten auf frisch entgasten Oxidoberflächen basiert, wies den kleinen Wert von 1-2 kcal . mol-1 bei beiden Präparaten auf. Im Temperaturbereich zwischen 250 und 350°C wurde eine stationär katalytische Aktivität beobachtet, und die Aktivierungsenergie der Reaktion lag bedeutend höher bei 12-15 kcal . mol-1.Der Wechsel in der Aktivierungsenergie wird mit der Wirkung von unterschiedlichen Sauerstoffarten der Katalysatoroberfläche, die in beiden Temperaturbereichen verschiedene Aktivitäten bei der Reaktion aufweisen, diskutiert. Eine Analogie zwischen der Kohlen- oxid- nnd Wasserstoffoxydation an Nickeloxid wird festgestellt sowie ein Kompensationseffekt für eine Reihe von Oxydationsreaktionen gezeigt.
    Notes: The catalytic oxidation of hydrogen on highly-dispersed and sintered nickel oxides has been studied by a static method and the existence of two different kinetic rcgions established. Between 0 and 100°C the initial catalytic activity was not ionary and a strong poisoning effect of the reaction product was observed at all temperatnres up to 250°C. The activation energy of the reaction based on the initial reaction rates on freshly- outgassed oxide surfaces had a low value of 1-2 kcal. mole-1 with both preparations. Between 250 and 350°C stationary catalytic activity was observed and the activation energy of the reaction was significantly higher, 12-14 kcal . mole-1.The change of the activation energy is discussed in terms of the participation in the reaction of oxygen species in the catalyst surface layer which have different reactivities in the two temperature regions. A close analogy is noted between the carbon monoxide and hydrogen oxidation reactions on nickel oxide and a compensation effect is illustrated for a series of oxidation reactions on the oxide.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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