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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in tissue cultures of red clover (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Genetic variance ; Plant breeding ; Trifolium pratense L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Design II matings were made among randomly selected clones of ‘Arlington’ red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Progeny were evaluated in vitro on two regeneration media for callus growth and differentiation. Additive genetic variance was a significant source of variability for nearly all traits evaluated, including somatic embryogenesis. In vitro traits, such as rapid callus growth, colony vascularization, root initiation, chlorophyll production and embryogenesis were highly heritable and should respond to breeding and selection. Dominance genetic variance was significant for only a few in vitro characters. Maternal and cytoplasmic factors were significant primarily in the early subcultures. Highly significant additive genetic correlation of performance on two regeneration media was found. A population selected on one of the regeneration media for such characteristics as improved plantlet regeneration, rapid callus growth, long term colony viability or the frequency of root initiation should show correlated improvement on the other medium. No significant differences for embryogenesis were attributable to differences in the regeneration media used. Furthermore, no interaction of additive genetic effects with regeneration media were observed. These data indicate that improvement in the frequency of plantlet regeneration from callus of red clover could effectively be achieved by breeding and selection for embryogenic types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265178
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the Nicotiana debneyi black root rot resistance factor on agronomic and chemical traits in burley tobacco (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 365-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease resistance ; Isogenic lines ; Blackroot rot ; Thielaviopsis basicola ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Lines isogenic or near isogenic for traits other than resistance to black root rot from Nicotiana debneyi were developed in eight cultivar backgrounds of burley tobacco (N. tabacum L.). For each cultivar background, a resistant and susceptible selection from the seventh backcross generation plus the recurrent parental cultivar were evaluated for ten agronomic and chemical traits. Resistant selections were statistically different from the susceptible entries for days to flower, total nitrogen content, and total alkaloid content. Also, resistant selections were consistently lower in yield, but the differences were statistically nonsignificant. Resistant selections were also taller in three families and in two families the resistant selections had wider leaves. Linkage of genetic material from N. debneyi with the resistance factor was suggested as the possible reason for differences between resistant and susceptible selections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264332
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expressed resistance to black shank among tobacco callus cultures (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease screening ; Phytophthora parasitica var. ‘nicotianae’ ; Nicotiana ; Tissue culture ; Cytokinins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Quantitatively inherited resistance to the black shank pathogen (Phytophthora parasitica var. ‘nicotianae’) was expressed among callus tissue cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana). Tissue cultures of genotypes known to posses polygenic mechanisms for black shank resistance expressed that resistance in vitro when challenged by the viable pathogen. Callus of a susceptible cultivar was readily parasitized in culture. Furthermore, single gene resistance to the common pathogen race was also shown to operate in vitro. Nongenetic factors examined did not contribute significantly to the observed differences. Disease expression in vitro appeared to be highly correlated with its expression at the whole plant level. Screening for quantitative disease resistance can be complicated at the whole plant level by variable hostpathogen reactions and by significant genotype × environment interactions. Since quantitatively inherited mechanisms of black shank resistance are expressed in tobacco callus cultures, an in vitro host-pathogen system may be useful in screening tobacco lines for black shank resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303493
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal haploids of Petunia axillaris (Lam.) B.S.P. via culture of placenta attached ovules (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: In vitro pollination ; Ovary culture ; Tissue culture ; Haploid production ; Placenta culture ; Petunia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hybridization of Petunia axillaris and P. parodii with Nicotiana tabacum was attempted using the method of in vitro pollination and fertilization. Seedlings were produced when the Petunia species and N. tabacum were used as the maternal parents; however, most of these had the identical somatic chromosome complement of the maternal parent. With crosses involving P. axillaris as the maternal parent, a low frequency of haploids was also produced. Due to the potential of haploids in basic and applied genetic research, additional experiments were carried out to determine whether in vitro pollination was necessary to stimulate haploid production and to more closely define the optimal time for ovule excision and culture. Four treatments were applied to accomplish these objectives. They were: placentas cultured prior to the time of anthesis, with and without pollination, and placentas cultured after the time of anthesis, with and without pollination. In vitro pollination had no effect on the frequency of haploids produced. Placenta attached ovules cultured prior to the time of anthesis produced significantly more haploids than those cultured after anthesis. The preanthesis treatment produced a frequency of 6.5 haploids per 100 ovaries cultured. The culture of placenta attached ovules provides an alternative to anther culture as a means for haploid production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272893
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bypassing prefertilization barriers to hybridization in Nicotiana using in vitro pollination and fertilization (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 665-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wide hybridization ; Tissue culture ; Ovary culture ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In vitro pollination of placenta attached ovules was useful in bypassing unilateral incongruity barriers for several Nicotiana interspecific hybrid combinations (N. tabacum cv. ‘Ky 17’ X N. amplexicaulis, ‘Ky 17’ X N. benthamiana, and ‘Ky 17’ X N. repanda). By measuring the pollen tube growth over time, prefertilization barriers were determined to be the cause of the incongruity. Seedling necrosis was a problem in the development of the N. amplexicaulis hybrid and it prevented maturation of the N. repanda hybrid. Callus produced from cotyledons of the N. amplexicaulis hybrid eventually resulted in plants that survived to maturity. This procedure was not successful for the N. repanda materials. The N. amplexicaulis and N. benthamiana hybrids were sterile but following chromosome doubling by midrib culture, male and female fertile plants were produced. Conventional hybridization, fertilized ovule culture, and in vitro pollination were unsuccessful in obtaining hybrids of ‘Ky 17’ crossed with N. arentsii or N. bonariensis. Apparently, strong postfertilization barriers prevent the production of viable seed of these hybrids. Each of the N. repanda — N. tabacum reciprocal hybrids could not be rescued using callus culture; this adds support to the existence of strong sexual postfertilization barriers. A recent report, however, showed that it was possible to obtain this hybrid using the technique of somatic hybridization. Thus, it appears that it may also be possible to obtain asexual hybrids of N. arentsii and N. bonariensis with N. tabacum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260773
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