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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical distribution of sulfhydryl oxidase in the human testis (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Spermatogenesis ; Leydig cells ; Sulfhydryl oxidase ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sulfhydryl oxidase (SOx) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl compounds. It is present in mitochondria of certain testicular cells at specific stages of functional activation. In the mature human testis moderate SOx immunoreactivity is found in Leydig cells, and lacking in Sertoli and in peritubular cells. The Adark spermatogonia usually contain immuno-reactive mitochondria, while in Apale spermatogonia immunoreactivity is mostly low. In stage V of spermatogenesis, Apale spermatogonia were found containing immunoreactive material. Leptotene (stages IV and V) and zygotene (stage VI) primary spermatocytes display a moderate immunoreaction. It is strongest in pachytene spermatocytes of stages I–IV, decreases in stage V, and is low during diakinesis and in secondary spermatocytes. Late spermatids usually show a stronger immunoreactivity than early spermatids. At stage V of spermatogenesis the late spermatids contain only few immunoreactive particles. Spermatozoa are free of SOx-immunoreactive mitochondria. In residual bodies small amounts of SOx-immunoreactive particles are seen. Compared to rat and hamster testis, SOx immunoreactivity of the human testis is less clearly stage-dependent and it is not confined to certain germ cell stages. As deduced from the findings in patients with spermatogenic disorders, the SOx immunoreactivity of spermatogonia in human testis seems to be of diagnostic relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678707
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfhydryl oxidase immunoreactivity in seminiferous tubules of infertile men (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Sulfhydryl oxidase ; Hypospermatogenesis ; Sertoli cell integrity ; Immunocytochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sulfhydryl oxidase (SOx) immunoreactivity was investigated in the seminiferous epithelium of human biopsy material from the testes of 33 adult men with disturbed fertility. SOx immunoreactivity was expressed in normal seminiferous epithelium in type-A spermatogonia (27±4% of all spermatogonia) (n=4), in spermatocytes and round spermatids. Mature spermatozoa as well as Sertoli cells were unlabelled. within the interstitium, Leydig cells were immunopositive. In biopsies of oligozoospermic men showing hypospermatogenesis (n=24), an increase in labelled spermatogonia up to more than 90% was observed in biopsies, where seminiferous epithelia revealed only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Within the group of oligozoospermic patients there was a significant increase of labelled spermatogonia from 43±13% (〉20 mill/ejaculate) (n=7) to 55±16% ( 20 and 〉20 mill/ejaculate) (n=6) to 68±8% (〈5 mill/ejaculate) (n=11) and a significant (P=0.01) decrease of score count from 7.0±2.7 to 2.0±1.8. In this group the increase of labelled spermatogonia was correlated with sperm concentrations in the ajaculate (correlation coefficient: r=-0.6). In biopsies of azoospermic patients showing maturation arrest at the level of spermatocytes or spermatids (n=5) the percentage of labelled spermatogonia was within the range of 24% to 59%. Immunoreactivity in Sertoli cells was only found in single degenerating cells and in tubules showing Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome (SCO) without lumen formation. Sertoli cells within immature seminiferous cords were immunonegative, indicating that Sertoli cell SOx immunoreactivity is rather a sign of physiological alterations in degenerating cells than dependent on the stage of differentiation. Leydig cells did not show changes of immunoreactivity in any biopsy. It is concluded that SOx expression in spermatogonia may serve as a marker for spermatogenic efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302957
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermediate filaments in sertoli cells (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 20 (1992), S. 50-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Vimentin ; Cytokeratin ; Testis ; Cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Using immunohistochemical techniques both at light and electron microscopic levels, the arrangement and distribution of intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells of normal testis (in rat and human), during pre- and postnatal development (in rabbit, rat, and mouse) and under experimental and pathological conditions (human, rat), have been studied and related to the pertinent literature. Intermediate filaments are centered around the nucleus, where they apparently terminate in the nuclear envelope providing a perinuclear stable core area. From this area they radiate to the plasma membranes; apically often a close association with microtubules is seen. Basally, direct contacts of the filaments with focal adhesions occur, while the relationship to the different junctions of Sertoli cells is only incompletely elucidated. In the rat (not in human) a group of filaments is closely associated with the ectoplasmic specializations surrounding the head of elongating spermatids. Both in rat and human, changes in cell shape during the spermatogenic cycle are associated with a redistribution of intermediate filaments. As inferred from in vitro studies reported in the literature, these changes are at least partly hormone-dependent (vimentin phosphorylation subsequent to FSH stimulation) and influenced by local factors (basal lamina, germ cells). Intermediate filaments, therefore, are suggested to be involved in the hormone-dependent mechanical integration of exogenous and endogenous cell shaping forces. They permit a cycledependent compartmentation of the Sertoli cell into a perinuclear stable zone and a peripheral trafficking zone with fluctuating shape. The latter is important with respect to the germ cell-supporting surface of the cell which seems to limit the spermatogenetic potential of the male gonad.
    Additional Material: 64 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070200107
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