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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olea europaea chemicals repellent toDacus oleae females (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1813-1823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Olea europaea ; chemotactile repellents ; Bactrocera (Dacus)oleae ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; oviposition behaviour ; oliveo-diphenolic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The egg dispersion strategy of the olive fruit flyDacus oleae, which is dependent on chemicals from the fruit, was investigated. In particular, the exact role ofo-diphenolic compounds, such as the typical olive glucosides, oleuropein and demethyloleuropein, and their derivatives was clarified. It appears that the strong chemotactile repulsive effect exerted by the water fraction of crushed olives is due mainly to (E)-2-hexenal. Several compounds, such asβ-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol and other oleuropein derivatives, which exert a strong chemotactile repulsion, were newly identified or confirmed either in fresh olive juice or in olive mill waste water. This result confirms that the small droplets of olive juice, regurgitated just after egg laying by theD. oleae female all around the oviposition hole, actually prevent other females from ovipositing on the same fruit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066224
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olea europaea Volatiles attractive and repellent to the olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae, Gmelin) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 881-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Olea europaea ; allelochemicals ; Dacus oleae ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; host-plant volatiles ; attractants ; repellents ; oviposition stimulant ; oviposition deterrent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Comparative study of the headspace (HS) composition from olive leaves, olives of varying degrees of ripeness, and crushed olives revealed significant quantitative and qualitative differences. Three different methods were employed to test the effect of the substances identified on the behavior ofDacus oleae gravid females. Attractive/repellent features were tested by presenting the insects with olfactory choices of a water solution of the test chemicals examined, water (blank), and a highly attractive (control) solution of olive maceration water (MW). Toluene and ethylbenzene, present in leaf and half-ripe olive HIS proved attractive, while (E)-2-hexenal emitted by the crushed olives was found to be decidedly repellent. An oviposition stimulation/deterrence test was carried out on olives placed in proximity to test chemicals under examination in water solution, with olives from the same crop serving as control. In the oviposition testα-pinene, mostly emitted by the leaves and half-ripe olives, emerged clearly as an activant,p-xylene, myrcenone, ethylbenzene,n-octane ando-xylene as weak activants. (E)-2-hexenal and hexanal, both emitted by the crushed olives, displayed an oviposition deterrent effect. The highly repellent property of (E)-2-hexenal was again confirmed in this test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985017
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiotropic behavior of female olive fly (Bactrocera oleae GMEL.) onOlea europaea L (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1027-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Olea europaea ; attractants ; Bactrocera oleae ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; olive maceration water ; olive leaf leachate ; microbial metabolites ; styrene ; ammonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An interpretation is given of a number of observations on the chemiotropic behavior ofBactrocera oleae in connection with olive maceration water and the fly's return to the olive groves after the first summer rains. To this end, the headspace of both maceration water and leaf leaching water, simulating rainfall, were examined. In both cases, the presence of ammonia, which is generally known to attract fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae), was detected and, for the first time, in addition to other compounds that are inert for the fly, the presence of styrene was also detected. This aromatic hydrocarbon was found to be a strong attractant. It is shown that both ammonia and styrene are products of the metabolism of microbial flora present on the olive and leaf surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029952
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  • 4
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    Vital involvement of a natural killer cell activation receptor in resistance to viral infection (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-08
    Description: Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can be distinguished from T and B cells through their involvement in innate immunity and their lack of rearranged antigen receptors. Although NK cells and their receptors were initially characterized in terms of tumor killing in vitro, we have determined that the NK cell activation receptor, Ly-49H, is critically involved in resistance to murine cytomegalovirus in vivo. Ly-49H requires an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing transmembrane molecule for expression and signal transduction. Thus, NK cells use receptors functionally resembling ITAM-coupled T and B cell antigen receptors to provide vital innate host defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, M G -- Dokun, A O -- Heusel, J W -- Smith, H R -- Beckman, D L -- Blattenberger, E A -- Dubbelde, C E -- Stone, L R -- Scalzo, A A -- Yokoyama, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):934-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; *Antigens, Ly ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Herpesviridae Infections/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Muromegalovirus/*immunology ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology ; Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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