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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Body Size and Food Ration on Over-winter Survival and Growth of Age-0 Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 54 (1999), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: mortality ; specific growth rate ; Newfoundland ; fish ; aquaculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the effects of body size and food ration on over-winter survival of age-0 Atlantic cod. Cod were divided into two groups based on standard length (large=76.95±1.10 mm SL; small=57.65±1.02 mm SL; mean±1 SE) and wet weight (large=4.02± 0.21 g; small=1.52±0.09 g). Replicate tanks (n=2) of 10 large and 10 small cod were exposed to one of two food rations (0.25% and 1.0% body weight day-1) for the entire experiment (December to June). Tanks were examined daily for mortalities and feeding was adjusted accordingly. The experiment was run under ambient light and seawater conditions. All but large age-0 cod exposed to the low food ration grew over the course of the experiment. The specific growth rate (SGR) of small cod was significantly higher (0.2425% wet weight day-1) than that of the large fish (0.0443% wet weight day-1). Food ration had no significant influence on SGR or over-winter survival. Significantly more of the large age-0 cod survived the winter (58.5% of those originally introduced) compared to the smaller fish (14%). Our results are consistent with those from studies of several other fish species, and are discussed in relation to the ecology of age-0 cod, and their potential use in aquaculture in Newfoundland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007587101669
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adaptive significance of behavioural ontogeny in some. centrarchid fishes (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 13 (1985), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behaviour development ; Life-history ; Feeding ; Predator-avoidance ; Social Behaviour ; Sunfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Studies on the ontogeny of behaviour in fish have seldom considered the adaptive significance of the order of appearance of the behaviours. Results of laboratory studies and field observations on the ontogeny of feeding, predator-avoidance, and agonistic behaviour in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris, and pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, young indicate that the order of appearance of the various behavioural systems enhances the survival of the young. In the laboratory, all species spend significantly more time feeding during the first weeks of free-swimming than the later weeks. During a corresponding period in the field the young are either occupying an offshore area low in predators (rock bass, pumpkinseed) or are being guarded by a parent (largemouth bass); thus the risk of predation is low. When the young are in a predator-rich environment (inshore) both the predator-avoidance response and agonistic behaviour are well developed. Agonistic behaviour is the last to appear and may serve to disperse the young. Dispersal may relate to the feeding mode of the various species and may also reduce the probability of predation. It is apparent that the sequential onsets of the behavioural systems are in concert with ecological events and selective pressures confronting centarchid young.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004853
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