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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 153 (1981), S. 273-278 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence ; CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic ; Photosynthesis (induction) ; Spinacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When spinach leaves are re-illuminated, after dark periods of 90 s or less, an initial fluorescence peak is observed which rapidly gives way to a much lower terminal value. After 2 min or more in the dark, however, there is a secondary rise, at about 50–70 s, which then gives way, more slowly, to approximately the same low terminal value as before. The secondary rise is eliminated or disguised by feeding D,L-glyceraldehyde (a specific inhibitor of photosynthetic carbon assimilation) and by manose, 2-deoxyglucose and glucosamine, all of which are believed to sequester cytoplasmic orthophosphate. This secondary rise in fluorescence is discussed in relation to photosynthetic induction and the manner in which these compounds may modulate fluorescence by their effect on the availability of orthophosphate and their consequent impact on the adenylate status of the stroma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Light scattering ; Photosynthesis, induction ; Spinacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Light-scattering, which can be taken as an indicator of the transthylakoid proton-gradient, and chlorophyll a fluorescence, have been followed simultaneously during re-illumination of spinach leaves at different energy fluence rates and carbon dioxide concentrations. The slow fluorescence transient (“M peak”), which has been associated with photosynthetic induction, was observed in air only at the lower fluence rates used. Data are presented that indicate that M peaks in chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics can only be observed if there is also a simultaneous transient in light-scattering and that these transients are observed when the dark period is relatively long, fluence rate relatively low, and CO2 concentration relatively high. The results are discussed in relation to the varying demands on ATP by carbon assimilation during induction of photosynthesis at different carbon dioxide concentrations and the manner in which these variations influence the quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 155 (1982), S. 316-320 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chloroplast ; Cytosol ; Spinacia ; Thiamin pyrophosphate ; Transketolase ; Triticum (transketolase)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transketolase (E.C. 2.2.1.1.) has been partially purified from wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Sappo) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. The fully-active enzyme is a tetramer of relative molecular mass (Mr) of 150 kMr requiring thiamin pyrophosphate for maximal activity, and dissociating into a 74 kMr dimer in its absence or in dilute solution. The chloroplastic transketolase (over 75% of the cellular total) is magnesium-stimulated but the cytosolic form is magnesium-insensitive. Both chloroplastic and cytosolic transketolase showed similar broad specificities towards several ketose phosphate substrates including fructose 6-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Wheat and spinach leaf transketolases are not light-activated and closely resemble the yeast enzyme in many of their properties.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 27; 1074-108
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The performance of two constant-temperature normal hot-wire techniques in a supersonic flow is examined. The first technique uses a single-wire and rapid scanning of multiple overheat ratios. Time averages of the signals at all overheats are used to separate the mean and rms mass flux, stagnation temperature and their cross-correlation. The second technique uses a dual-wire probe with each wire operating at different overheat ratios, giving instantaneous mass flux and stagnation temperature. Preliminary results indicate that the separation distance (0.18 mm) between the two hot wires in the dual-wire probe does not introduce significant error. However, the rms mass flux inferred from the dual-wire technique is a factor of two higher than that from the single-wire technique.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-0422
    Format: text
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