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  • 1
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    Improved Spacecraft Materials for Radiation Shielding (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: In the execution of this proposal, we will first examine current and developing spacecraft materials and evaluate their ability to attenuate adverse biological mutational events in mammalian cell systems and reduce the rate of cancer induction in mice harderian glands as a measure of their protective qualities. The HZETRN code system will be used to generate a database on GCR attenuation in each material. If a third year of funding is granted, the most promising and mission-specific materials will be used to study the impact on mission cost for a typical Mars mission scenario as was planned in our original two year proposal at the original funding level. The most promising candidate materials will be further tested as to their transmission characteristics in Fe and Si ion beams to evaluate the accuracy of the HZETRN transmission factors. Materials deemed critical to mission success may also require testing as well as materials developed by industry for their radiation protective qualities (e.g., Physical Sciences Inc.) A study will be made of designing polymeric materials and composite materials with improved radiation shielding properties as well as the possible improvement of mission-specific materials.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA Microgravity Materials Science Conference; 695-701; NASA/CP-1999-209092
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A Radiation Shielding Code for Spacecraft and Its Validation (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: The HZETRN code, which uses a deterministic approach pioneered at NASA Langley Research Center, has been developed over the past decade to evaluate the local radiation fields within sensitive materials (electronic devices and human tissue) on spacecraft in the space environment. The code describes the interactions of shield materials with the incident galactic cosmic rays, trapped protons, or energetic protons from solar particle events in free space and low Earth orbit. The content of incident radiations is modified by atomic and nuclear reactions with the spacecraft and radiation shield materials. High-energy heavy ions are fragmented into less massive reaction products, and reaction products are produced by direct knockout of shield constituents or from de-excitation products. An overview of the computational procedures and database which describe these interactions is given. Validation of the code with recent Monte Carlo benchmarks, and laboratory and flight measurement is also included.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Reliability Methods for Shield Design Process (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: Providing protection against the hazards of space radiation is a major challenge to the exploration and development of space. The great cost of added radiation shielding is a potential limiting factor in deep space operations. In this enabling technology, we have developed methods for optimized shield design over multi-segmented missions involving multiple work and living areas in the transport and duty phase of space missions. The total shield mass over all pieces of equipment and habitats is optimized subject to career dose and dose rate constraints. An important component of this technology is the estimation of two most commonly identified uncertainties in radiation shield design, the shielding properties of materials used and the understanding of the biological response of the astronaut to the radiation leaking through the materials into the living space. The largest uncertainty, of course, is in the biological response to especially high charge and energy (HZE) ions of the galactic cosmic rays. These uncertainties are blended with the optimization design procedure to formulate reliability-based methods for shield design processes. The details of the methods will be discussed.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Importance of Nuclear Physics to NASA's Space Missions (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: We show that nuclear physics is extremely important for accurate risk assessments for space missions. Due to paucity of experimental input radiation interaction information it is imperative to develop reliable accurate models for the interaction of radiation with matter. State-of-the-art nuclear cross sections models have been developed at the NASA Langley Research center and are discussed.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Shield Optimization in Simple Geometry for the Gateway Concept (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: The great cost of added radiation shielding is a potential limiting factor in many deep space missions. For this enabling technology, we are developing tools for optimized shield design over multi-segmented missions involving multiple work and living areas in the transport and duty phase of various space missions. The total shield mass over all pieces of equipment and habitats is optimized subject to career dose and dose rate constraints. Preliminary studies of deep space missions indicate that for long duration space missions, improved shield materials will be required. The details of this new method and its impact on space missions and other technologies will be discussed. This study will provide a vital tool for evaluating Gateway designs in their usage context. Providing protection against the hazards of space radiation is one of the challenges to the Gateway infrastructure designs. We will use the mission optimization software to scope the impact of Gateway operations on human exposures and the effectiveness of alternate shielding materials on Gateway infrastructure designs. This study will provide a guide to the effectiveness of multifunctional materials in preparation to more detailed geometry studies in progress.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Optimization Shield Materials Trade Study for Lunar/Gateway Mission (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The great cost of added radiation shielding is a potential limiting factor in many deep space missions. For this enabling technology, we are developing tools for optimized shield design over multi-segmented missions involving multiple work and living areas in the transport and duty phase of various space missions. The total shield mass over all pieces of equipment and habitats is optimized subject to career dose and dose rate constraints. Preliminary studies of deep space missions indicate that for long duration space missions, improved shield materials will be required. The details of this new method and its impact on space missions and other technologies will be discussed. This study will provide a vital tool for evaluating Gateway designs in their usage context. Providing protection against the hazards of space radiation is one of the challenges to the Gateway infrastructure designs. We will use the mission optimization software to scope the impact of Gateway operations on human exposures and the effectiveness of alternate shielding materials on Gateway infrastructure designs. It is being proposed to use Moon and the Lagrange points as the hub for deep space missions. This study will provide a guide to the effectiveness of multifunctional materials in preparation to more detailed geometry studies in progress.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: 2002 World Space Congress; Oct 10, 2002 - Oct 19, 2002; Houston, TX; United States|53rd International Astronautical Congress; Oct 10, 2002 - Oct 19, 2002; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Exploring the Feasibility of Electrostatic Shielding for Spacecrafts (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA is moving forward towards the agency's new vision for space exploration in the 21st Century encompassing a broad range of human and robotic missions including missions to Moon, Mars and beyond. Exposure from the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is the show stopper. Langley has developed state-of-the-art radiation protection and shielding technology for space missions. The payload penalty demands a very stringent requirement on the design of the spacecrafts for human deep space missions. The exploration beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) to enable routine access to more interesting regions of space will require protection from the hazards of the accumulated exposures of space radiation, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE), and minimizing the production of secondary radiation is a great advantage. There is a need to look to new horizons for newer technologies. The present investigation explores the feasibility of using electrostatic shielding in concert with innovative materials shielding and protection technologies. The asymmetries of the radiation shielding problem would be exploited in the electrostatics shielding process. The goal is to repel enough positive charge ions so that they miss the spacecraft without attracting thermal electrons. Conclusions are drawn about the advantages the electrostatic shielding, should it be successful, would bring to the radiation protection design process.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: AIAA Space 2005 Conference and Exposition; Aug 30, 2005 - Sep 01, 2005; Long Beach, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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