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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (46)
  • Sorghum bicolor  (7)
  • 21.10.Re  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.80+w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Internal conversion coefficients have been determined from online measurement of electron- and y- ray emission related to the dipole transitions in the so-called oblate collective bands in 199Pb.The results strongly support the M1 (or M1+E2) character of these transitions.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-spin states in192Pb were populated via the reaction173Yb(24Mg,5n) at a beam energy of 140 MeV, and the resultingγ-rays were deteced using GAMMASPHERE. A previously observed superdeformed band in192Pb has been confirmed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.80.+w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New results on the192Hg superdeformed band have been obtained with EUROGAM. The experiment has been performed with the160Gd(36S,4n) reaction at 159 MeV. Above 800 keV the γ-ray energies differ from the previously published ones. Thus the rise of the dynamical moment of inertia $$\mathfrak{F}^{(2)} $$ above ħω=0.4 MeV is no longer observed. This is in better agreement with recent cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.80.+w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent data from the EUROGAM array have revealed the population of the yrast superdeformed (SD) band of192Hg in the α4n exit channel of the16O+184W reaction at 113 MeV beam energy. The nucleus assignment was made on the basis of the SD band transition energies, and the observation of characteristic X-rays and lowlying yrast γ-transition of192Hg in coincidence with the SD band γ-rays. Both the feeding and decay-out patterns of the observed SD band have been found similar to the ones previously measured in the (36S,4n) reaction.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 21.10.Tg ; 27.60+j
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mean lifetimes of the lower spin states of the superdeformed band in133Nd have been measured with the coincidence recoil distance method. The reaction used to populate the band was105Pd (32S, 2p2n)133Nd at a beam energy of 152 MeV, and the gamma-rays were detected with the POLYTESSA array. The differential decay curve method was used to analyse the data and transition quadrupole moments,Q 0, were extracted from the measured lifetimes. The results obtained from the three lowest transitions in the superdeformed band are:Q 0=6.3±0.9 eb (21+/2→17+/2),Q 0=6.7±1.1 eb (25+/2→21+/2) andQ 0〉5.0 eb (29+/2→25+/2). These results are consistent with previous results for the high spin members of the band, and are compared to theoretical calculations of total routhian surfaces. The calculation of reduced transition probabilities for the transitions that feed out of the band, allows the effect of hindrance due to K-forbiddenness to be investigated.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Dry matter yields ; Sand culture ; Shoot concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn ; Sorghum bicolor ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of different pH regimes on root colonization with four vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) isolates, and VAM effects on host plant growth and nutrient uptake. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was grown at pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 (±0.1) in hydroponic sand culture with the VAM isolates Glomus etunicatum UT316 (isolate E), G. intraradices UT143 (isolate I), G. intraradices UT126 (isolate B), and an unknown Glomus isolate with no INVAM number (isolate A). Colonization of roots with the different VAM isolates varied differentially with pH. As pH increased, root colonization increased with isolates B and E, remained unchanged with isolate I, and was low at pH 4.0 and high at pH 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 with isolate A. Isolates E and I were more effective than isolates A and B in promoting plant growth irrespective of pH. Root colonization with VAM appeared to be independent of dry matter yields or dry matter yield responsiveness (dry matter produced by VAM compared to nonmycorrhizal plants). Dry matter yield responsiveness values were higher in plants whose roots were colonized with isolates E and I than with isolates A and B. Shoot P concentrations were lower in plants colonized with isolates E and I than with isolates A and B or nonmycorrhizal plants. This was probably due to the dilution effect of the higher dry matter yields. Neither the VAM isolate nor pH had an effect on shoot Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations, while the VAM isolate affected not only P but also S, K, and Fe concentrations. The pH x VAM interaction was significant for shoot K, Mg, and Cu concentrations.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chlorosis severity ; dry matter yields ; growth chamber ; leaf area ; root length ; shoot/root ratio ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Iron deficiency chlorosis (FeDC) is a common disorder for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown on alkaline calcareous soils. Four sorghum genotypes were grown in growth chambers on a low Fe (1.3 μg/g DTPA-extractable), alkaline (pH 8.0), calcareous (3.87% CaCO3 equivalent) Aridic Haplustoll to determine effects of different soil temperatures (12, 17, 22 and 27°C at a constant 27°C air temperature) on various root and shoot growth traits and development of FeDC. As soil temperature increased, leaf chlorosis became more severe, and shoot and root dry weights, root lengths, and leaf areas increased markedly. Shoot/root ratios, shoot weight/root length, leaf area/shoot weight and leaf area/root weight and root length also increased while root length/root weight decreased as soil temperature increased. Severe FeDC developed in all genotypes even though genotypes had previously shown different degrees of resistance to FeDC. Genotypes differed in most growth traits, especially dry matter yields, root lengths, and leaf areas, but most traits did not appear to be related to genotype resistance to FeDC. The most FeDC resistant genotype had the slowest growth rate and this may be a mechanism for its greater resistance to FeDC.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium toxicity ; evaporation retardation ; fly ash, gypsum ; soil acidity ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Removal of sulfur dioxide from flue gas produced by coal-burning power plants has increased the availability of by-products that may be useful as soil amendments for agriculture. We studied the effects of surface layers (caps) of fluidized bed combustion residue-fly ash mixture (FBCR-FA) or calcium sulfate on reduction of evaporative water losses and improvements in subsurface acid soil chemical characteristics. Caps 3.8 cm thick of porous FBCR-FA, hydrated commercial calcium sulfate (CCS), or soil (check) were placed on columns of coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Umbric Dystrochrept soil of pH 4.2. After the addition of 40 cm of water during a 16-week period, mean daily water loss from the column with the FBCR-FA cap was 0.51 mm compared to 0.98 mm in the check. Mean increase in soil exchangeable Ca in the 5- to 40-cm depth for the CCS treatment was 0.83 cmolc kg−1 and mean pH (H2O) increase was 0.21 units. Mean KCl-extractable Al decreased from 6.08 to 5.52 cmolc kg−1. Roots of sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) planted in the columns after removal of the caps reached 2 cm depth in the control, 18 cm in the FBCR-FA and 38 cm in the CCS treated columns after 47 days of growth. The gypsum cap was effective in improving deep rooting in acid soils and the FBCR-FA cap reduced evaporative water losses.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 106 (1988), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al toxicity ; genotype difference ; grain and yield components ; mineral stress ; plant adaptation ; root mass ; soil acidity ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Genetic manipulation of crops to tolerate mineral stresses is a practical approach to improve productivity of tropical acid soils. Both acid soil tolerant (AS-T) and susceptible (AS-S) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes were grown in the field on an acid ultisol at Quilichao, Colombia, South America at 60% (60-Al) and 40% (40-Al) Al saturation to evaluate plants for growth and yield traits. Except for days to flowering and root mass scores, AS-T genotypes showed no differences in growth (plant height, head length and width, second internode length and diameter, and acid soil toxicity rating) and yield (total and stover dry matter yields, grain yield, head yield, seeds per head, and 100-seed weight) traits when plants were grown at 60-Al or 40-Al. Plants grown at 60-Al were delayed in flowering and had lower root mass scores. The AS-S genotypes showed improvement for the growth and yield traits when grown at 40-Al compared to 60-Al. The growth and yield traits of the AS-S genotypes were usually less favorable for plants grown at 40-Al than the same traits were for the AS-T genotypes grown at 60-Al. Harvest indices (ratio of grain to total plant yield) were no different for the genotypes grown at 40-Al, and only slightly higher for the AS-T genotypes grown at 60-Al. Sorghum genotypes more tolerant to acid soil conditions showed favorable growth and yield traits when grown under relatively severe acid soil (60-Al, pH 4.1) conditions. Certain sorghum genotypes were able to adapt and effectively produce grain when grown on acid soils with few inputs to reduce acid soil toxicity problems.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 493-496 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acid soil tolerance ; dry matter yield ; Mn toxicity ; root length ; Sorghum bicolor ; visual toxicity symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to define traits to screen sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes for tolerance to excess Mn. Visual Mn toxicity symptoms, net and total root lengths, shoot and root dry matter yields, and shoot and root Mn concentrations were determined for plants grown in nutrient solutions (pH 4.5) at different levels of Mn (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mM above the initial 18 μM) to assess plant responses to excess Mn. Dry matter yields showed greatest variability among genotypes, and was an effective trait to evaluate sorghum for tolerance to excess Mn. Reductions in dry matter yields did not occur until Mn levels were above 3 mM. Levels of Mn between 3 and 6 mM could effectively be used to screen sorghum for genotypic differences to excess Mn. Manganese levels above 6 mM were too severe to allow good genotypic differentiation. Of genotypes tested, NB9040 and Wheatland showed good tolerance and SC283 and ICA-Nataima were sensitive to excess Mn.
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