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  • 1
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    Performance of the IRI-2007 and SAMI2 Models during Extreme Solar Minimum (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age. This extremely low solar activity has accompanied a number of unexpected observations in the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere when compared to previous solar minima. Among these is the fact that the ionosphere is significantly contracted beyond expectations based on empirical models. Data from the CINDI instrument on board C/NOFS is used to evaluate the performance of the IRI-2007 and SAMI2 models during the deepest part of the minimum. Additionally, the inputs to SAMI2 are modified in order to estimate the contributions of a contracted thermosphere and reduced EUV on the resultant ionosphere.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: GSFC.ABS.6469.2012 , 2012 CEDAR Workshop; Jun 24, 2012 - Jun 29, 2012; Santa Fe, NM; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Topside Equatorial Ionospheric Density and Composition During and After Extreme Solar Minimum (2011)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age. This extremely low solar activity has accompanied a number of unexpected observations in the Earth s ionosphere-thermosphere system when compared to previous solar minima. Among these are the fact that the ionosphere is significantly contracted beyond expectations based on empirical models. Altitude profiles of ion density and composition measurements near the magnetic dip equator are constructed from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite to characterize the shape of the topside ionosphere during the recent solar minimum and into the new solar cycle. The variation of the profiles with respect to local time, season, and solar activity are compared to the IRI-2007 model. Building on initial results reported by Heelis et al. (2009), here we describe the extent of the contracted ionosphere, which is found to persist throughout 2009. The shape of the ionosphere during 2010 is found to be consistent with observations from previous solar minima.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: GSFC.JA.01258.2012 , Journal of Geophysical Research; 116; A12330; A12330
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A Topside Equatorial Ionospheric Density and Composition Climatology During and After Extreme Solar Minimum (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age. This extremely low solar activity has accompanied a number of unexpected observations in the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere when compared to previous solar minima. Among these are the fact that the ionosphere is significantly contracted beyond expectations based on empirical models. Climatological altitude profiles of ion density and composition measurements near the magnetic dip equator are constructed from the C/NOFS satellite to characterize the shape of the top side ionosphere during the recent solar minimum and into the new solar cycle. The variation of the profiles with respect to local time, season, and solar activity are compared to the IRI-2007 model. Building on initial results reported by Heelis et al. [2009], here we describe the extent of the contracted ionosphere, which is found to persist throughout 2009. The shape of the ionosphere during 2010 is found to be consistent with observations from previous solar minima.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: GSFC.JA.5734.2011
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Analyzing the IAR with IRI During the Recent Solar Minimum (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The 2008-2009 solar minimum was deeper than any within the past century. As such, the performance of the empirical International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model was impacted. This impact manifested as a disagreement between predicted and measured characteristic separation in frequency for a wave resonating within an Ionospheric Alfven Resonator (IAR). The predicted value of the characteristic was a factor of three lower than what was measured by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS). Analyzing the model performance and comparing output with measured ionospheric values showed that more than half of the inaccuracy could be explained by inaccuracies in the output of the model. The 2008-2009 solar minimum was outside of the bounds of the effectiveness of the empirical IRI model. Incorporating recent data measurements and new indices would increase the accuracy of IRI during this period.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: GSFC-JA-01226-2012
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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