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  • Belief, L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets, L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade  (2)
  • Seismology  (2)
  • Oxford University Press  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 1
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    A new approach to geographic partitioning of probabilistic seismic hazard using seismic source distance with earthquake extreme and perceptibility statistics: an application to the southern Balkan region (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-08
    Description: The southeastern European cities of Sofia and Thessaloniki are explored as example site-specific scenarios by geographically zoning their individual localized seismic sources based on the highest probabilities of magnitude exceedance. This is with the aim of determining the major components contributing to each city's seismic hazard. Discrete contributions from the selected input earthquake catalogue are investigated to determine those areas that dominate each city's prevailing seismic hazard with respect to magnitude and source-to-site distance. This work is based on an earthquake catalogue developed and described in a previously published paper by the author and components of a magnitude probability density function. Binned magnitude and distance classes are defined using a joint magnitude–distance distribution. The prevailing seismicity to each city—as defined by a child data set extracted from the parent earthquake catalogue for each city considered—is divided into distinct constrained data bins of small discrete magnitude and source-to-site distance intervals. These are then used to describe seismic hazard in terms of uni-variate modal values; that is, M * and D * which are the modal magnitude and modal source-to-site distance in each city's local historical seismicity. This work highlights that Sofia's dominating seismic hazard—that is, the modal magnitudes possessing the highest probabilities of occurrence—is located in zones confined to two regions at 60–80 km and 170–180 km from this city, for magnitude intervals of 5.75–6.00 M w and 6.00–6.25 M w respectively. Similarly, Thessaloniki appears prone to highest levels of hazard over a wider epicentral distance interval, from 80 to 200 km in the moment magnitude range 6.00–6.25 M w .
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
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    Response of rate-and-state seismogenic faults to harmonic shear-stress perturbations (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: Field and laboratory observations show that seismicity has non-trivial period-dependent response to periodic stress perturbations. In Nepal, seismicity shows significant variations in response to annual monsoon-induced stress variations but not to semidiurnal tidal stresses of the same magnitude. Such period dependence cannot be explained by the Coulomb failure model and spring-slider rate-and-state model (SRM). Here, we study seismicity response to periodic stress perturbations in a 2-D continuum model of a rate-and-state fault (that is, a finite rate-and-state fault). We find that the resulting seismicity indeed exhibits nearly periodic variations. Their amplitude is maximum at a certain period, T a , and decreases with smaller and larger periods to the SRM predictions, remaining much larger than the SRM predictions for a wide range of periods around T a . We attribute the higher sensitivity of finite faults to their finite nucleation zones which vary in space and have a different slip-velocity evolution than that of the SRM. At periods T 〉〉 T a and T 〈〈 T a , the seismicity-rate variations are in phase with the stress-rate and stress variations, respectively, consistent with the SRM, although a gradual phase shift appears as T increases towards T a . Based on the similarities with the SRM and our simulations, we propose a semi-analytical expression for T a . Plausible sets of model parameters make T a equal to 1 yr, potentially explaining Nepal observations and constraining the fault properties. Our finite-fault findings indicate that a , where a is a rate-and-state parameter and is the effective normal stress, can be severely underestimated based on the SRM.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 3
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    Hysteresis, Price Acceptance, and Reference Prices (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-24
    Description: The existence of price thresholds in grocery retailing is well-documented. Most authors explain the existence of price thresholds using Assimilation-Contrast Theory, Adaptation Level Theory, or Prospect Theory. However, each of these theories is untenable if consumers are believed to behave rationally. We offer a theoretical explanation grounded in Real Options Theory (ROT) and economic hysteresis. We test the ROT hypothesis against three plausible alternatives using a maximum likelihood friction model that we augment for unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings support the ROT hypothesis, and suggest that the existence of price thresholds in aggregate data are driven by a common recognition of real option values, which do not disappear with the inclusion of consumer heterogeneity.
    Keywords: D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets, L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade ; e-Commerce
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Attribute Search in Online Retailing (2017)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2017-01-05
    Description: Online retailing has created an empirical opportunity to examine consumer search behavior using click stream data. In this article we examine the implications of greater variety online for consumer search intensity, and equilibrium prices. We test our hypothesis using consumer data on online search and purchase behavior from the comScore Web Behavior Panel. We find that search intensity systematically decreases in categories with broader product ranges, and equilibrium prices rise. Our findings suggests that broader product ranges in online retail markets can produce anti-competitive effects that are mediated through equilibrium responses in consumer search behavior.
    Keywords: D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief, L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets, L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade ; e-Commerce
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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