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  • Scolytidae  (34)
  • Springer  (34)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and tentative identification of lineatin, a pheromone from the frass ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 549-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trypodendron lineatum ; lineatin ; pheromone ; attractant ; tricyclic acetal ; Scolytidae ; aggregation pheromone ; ambrosia beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An attractant compound was isolated from frass produced byTrypodendron lineatum female beetles boring in Douglas fir. The proposed structure is one of two isomeric tricyclic acetals, to which the trivial name lineatin is assigned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989076
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attractive and inhibitory pheromones produced in the bark beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis, during host colonization: Regulation of inter- and intraspecific competition (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 861-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Cleridae ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Enoclerus lecontei ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; verbenone ; trans-verbenol ; ipsdienol ; aggregation ; pheromone ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Quantities of attractive (exo-brevicomin and frontalin) and inhibitory (trans-verbenol, verbenone, and ipsdienol) pheromones were monitored in both sexes ofDendroctonus brevicomis during their colonization of a ponderosa pine. Verbenone was found in males in the greatest amounts at the time of landing, and it declined more rapidly than the other pheromones in either sex. The amounts of frontalin andexo-brevicomin in males and females, respectively, increased after initial boring within the host but began to decline after mating. The quantity oftrans-verbenol in both sexes (females had significantly more) declined more gradually thanexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and verbenone. Ipsdienol was found only in males during the initial stages of attack when encountering the resin. It is suggested that along with a general decline in all pheromonal components, a sufficient change in the ratio of the attractive pheromones to an inhibitory pheromone,trans-verbenol, may play a role in termination of aggregation.trans-Verbenol may also function along with verbenone and ipsdienol in limiting the density of attack and thus intraspecific competition. These inhibitory pheromones also appear to cause several competing species of bark beetle to avoid landing in areas infested withD. brevicomis, even when their own pheromone is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987969
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aggregation pheromone ofIps duplicatus and its role in competitive interactions withI. typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 3 (1992), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: competition ; inhibition ; sex-ratio ; mass-at-tack model ; ipsdienol ; E-myrcenol ; cis-verbenol ; 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ips duplicatus withI. typographus co-inhabiting Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) would benefit from a pheromone blend distinct from that of the larger competitorI. typographus. GC-MS analysis showed thatI. duplicatus males feeding in the host produced ipsdienol (Id),cis-verbenol (cV),trans-verbenol (tV), myrtenol (Mt), andE-myrcenol (EM) and traces of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB).I. duplicatus produced Id in approximately racemic form (48.9-54.5% (+)-(S)-isomer). The amounts of Id and EM released over a 9 day period had a maximum of 250 and 5 ng/h/male, respectively, on day 2. Exposure ofI. duplicatus males to myrcene and α-pinene resulted in the production of small amounts of Id, cV, tV, Mt, andtrans-pinocarveol, but not of EM. In laboratory bioassays with walking beetles, the pheromone component Id alone was weakly attractive while EM was inactive, but in binary combination with Id strongly synergized attraction. A combination of EM and Id at a release rate equivalent to 100–200 males was more attractive in the field than 70 unmated males in a spruce log. The addition of myrcene ( a suggested pheromone precursor of Id) to Id did not enhance trap caches, while addition of EM increased catches 〉 10-fold. Subtracting EM from a blend of Id, EM, cV and MB drastically reduced trap catches while subtraction of cV or MB or both had no significant effect. Addition of EM over a wide concentration range to the synthetic pheromone ofI. typographus did not reduce the attraction of females of this species in the laboratory. A two-species pheromone interaction field test releasingI. typographus pheromone components (MB + cV) at 10–1000 male equivalents (ME) andI. duplicatus pheromone (Id + EM) at 0, 10–1000 ME in all possible combinations showed both positive intraspecific dose-response effects and an interspecific inhibition. Higher release rates of EM appeared to inhibitI. typographus, especially males. In a tree colonization model, the response of the two competing species to their respective pheromones show a good separation during the mass-attack with a small initial cross-attraction. It remains to be shown whether either of the two pheromone systems have in fact evolved in the present sympatry, or if they are an incidental effect of ancestry of these phylogenetically distantIps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01370137
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in attraction to semiochemicals present in sympatric pine shoot beetles,Tomicus minor andT. piniperda (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1045-1067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host attraction ; pheromone ; Pinus sylveslris ; trans-verbenol ; 3-carene-10-ol ; myrtenol ; verbenone ; EAG ; kairomone ; Blastophagus ; Tomicus minor ; Tomicus piniperda ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pine shoot beetles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical ecology of host- and mate-finding in the pine shoot beetles,Tomicus minor andT. piniperda, was studied in southern Sweden. Beetles were collected in the field from defined attack phases on Scots pine. Using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, a number of oxygen-containing monoterpenes, e.g., 3-carene-10-ol, myrtenol,trans-verbenol, and verbenone, were identified from hindgut extracts of both sexes of both species. Compared toT. minor,T. piniperda contained additional compounds and in larger amounts. The amounts were highest in both species at the time when the beetles had bored into contact with the resin-producing xylem-phloem tissue. The synthesis of (1S,6R)-3-carene-10-ol by photooxidatipn of (+)-(1S,6R)-3-carene is described. In comparative electroantennogram (EAG) measurements on males and females of both species, the most active of the tested compounds wastrans-verbenol. Laboratory bioassays of walking beetles showed thatT. piniperda was attracted to uninfestèd pine logs.T. minor was more strongly attracted to pine logs infested with females than to uninfested pine logs, indicating a female-produced aggregation pheromone. Field tests confirmed thatT. piniperda was strongly attracted to pine logs. The attraction ofT. minor to logs was significant only when logs were combined with racemictrans-verbenol and (1S,6R)-3-carene-10-ol.T. minor was also attracted to a combination of these monoterpene alcohols alone. We suggest that host and mate location inT. piniperda is achieved by means of a kairomone composed of host monoterpenes, whileT. minor utilizes a primitive pheromone synergized by host odors. Evolution of host colonization strategies of the two beetles are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020537
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel diffusion-dilution method for release of semiochemicals: Testing pheromone component ratios on western pine beetle (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 199-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Temnochila chlorodia ; Trogositidae ; pheromone ; frontalin ; exo-brevicomin ; myrcene controlled release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Each of the pheromone components of the Western pine beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis LeC. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), exo-brevicomin (E) and frontalin (F), were released in the forest at various ratios 0.01∶1, 0.1∶1, or 1∶1 to a constant dose of the opposite component (E or F) plus the host monoterpene myrcene (M), which were each released at 1.5 mg/day. The components were released by a new method that combines the principles of chemical diffusion through a tube with mole percentage dilution of the chemical. Both sexes ofD. brevicomis were attracted similarly at comparable ratios (and release rates) of E or F and showed similar logarithmic relationships (r 2=0.92∓0.99). The bark beetle predator,Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae) was apparently less sensitive to E thanD. brevicomis, being relatively less attracted to amounts of E equivalent to that released by 70 females, while none were attracted to that from seven females (while this rate still attracted significant numbers of conspecifics). The apparent insensitivity of bark beetles to extreme ratios between pheromone components in contrast to moths is discussed. The advantages of the diffusion-dilution method of releasing semiochemicals compared to previous methods of absorbents, wicks, capillary tubes, and semipermeable plastic membranes are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022542
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary attraction and field activity of beetle-produced volatiles inDendroctonus terebrans (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1513-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus terebrans ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetles ; pheromones ; primary attraction ; secondary attraction ; host selection ; frontalin ; exo-brevicomin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Controlled infestation ofDendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) on bolts of slash pine,Pinus ellionii Engelm. var.elliottii, elicited greater attraction of wild conspecifics than uninfested bolts. Secondary attraction was not apparent, however, to standing slash pines that had received volunteer attacks, when compared with attraction to unattacked but susceptible trees. Hindguts from in-flight or attacking femaleD. terebrans contained frontalin, and those from in-flight or attacking males containedexo-brevicomin.Trans-pinocarveol,cis-verbenol,trans-verbenol, myrtenal, verbenone, myrtenol, and other compounds were produced by both sexes during gallery construction in host trees. Synthetic frontalin, when deployed with a standard host odor mixture of turpentine and ethanol, was very attractive to maleD. terebrans in field-trapping experiments. The addition of eitherexo-brevicomin orendo-brevicomin to the frontalin-turpentine combination negated the attractive effect of frontalin for males.Trans-verbenol, myrtenol, and verbenone had little effect onD. terebrans behavior. Responses of females did not differ among treatments in any of the 11 field experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012380
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Phellandrene: kairomone for pine engraver,Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2519-2531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; β-phellandrene ; ipsdienol ; monoterpenes ; Ips pini ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; predators ; competition ; primary attraction ; dose response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The responses ofIps pini (Scolytidae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with the pheromone, ipsdienol, and various monoterpenes were determined in stands of lodgepole pine in southern and central British Columbia.Ips pini was attracted to both ipsdienol and β-phellandrene, demonstrating that β-phellandrene is a kairomone for this species.Lasconotus complex (Colydiidae) and aCorticeus sp. (Tenebrionidae) were attracted to both ipsdienol and β-phellandrene. TheCorticeus sp. exhibited a synergistic response to the combination of ipsdienol and β-phellandrene; the responses of the other two species to the combination were additive. The predators,Thanasimus undatulus, Enoclerus sphegeus, andE. lecontei (Cleridae), were attracted to ipsdienol-baited traps, whileMonochamus clamator (Cerambycidae) andDendroctonus ponderosae (Scolytidae) were attracted to β-phellandrene. Attraction of all eight species increased with increasing release rates of ipsdienol and/or β-phellandrene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017475
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation and equation models of insect population control by pheromone-baited traps (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1939-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemical ; pheromone ; pest ; biological control ; insect trap ; personal computer program ; Scolytidae ; Coleoptera ; mass trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A spatial-temporal model for personal computers is developed that simulates trapping of an insect population based on trap and population parameters that can be varied independently. The model allows individual “insects” to move forward at any step size with right or left turns within any specified angle taken at random. Thex andy axes of the area within which insects move can be varied as well as the number of insects, their flight speed, and the duration of the control period. In addition, the number of pheromonebaited traps, their placement in a grid or at random (with a variable degree of spacing), and their effective catch radius (proportional to pheromone release rate) can also be varied. Simulations showed that catch was similar regardless of whether traps were placed in a grid or practically at random (random placement but no traps were allowed to overlap in their effective catch radii). Iterative equations were developed for computer that can rapidly obtain values that correspond to the mean results from the slower simulation model. Based on a set of input parameters, the equations determine the percentage of the population that should be caught during a specified time, the time required to catch a specified proportion of the insects, and the number of traps necessary to catch the population proportion in the time period. The effects of varying the number of insects, flight speed, trap radius, and number of traps on the percent control or time to catch all insects are presented. Population control of the bark beetleIps typographus was simulated using realistic pheromone trap and population parameters. A discussion of insect and bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) population control using pheromone traps is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983798
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipsenol: an aggregation pheromone forIps latidens (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1517-1527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; ipsenol ; cis-verbenol ; chirality ; Ips latidens ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; predator ; kairomone ; Enoclerus sphegeus ; Thanasimus undatulus ; Cleridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ipsenol was identified from the frass of male, but not female,Ips latidens from British Columbia, feeding in phloem tissue of lodgepole pine,Pinus contorta var.latifolia. The responses ofJ. latidens to sources of ips-enol andcis-verbenol were determined with multiple-funnel traps in stands of lodgepole pine in British Columbia. Ipsenol attracted both male and femaleI. latidens, verifying that it is a pheromone for this species. MaleI. latidens showed a slight preference for (S)-(−)-ipsenol.cis-Verbenol was not produced by beetles of either sex and, in contrast to an earlier report, both enantiomers inhibited attraction to ipsenol-baited traps. The predators,Enoclerus sphegeus andThanasimus undatulus (Cleridae), were attracted to traps baited withcis-verbenol and ipsenol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984685
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of bark beetles,Tomicus piniperda,Hylurgops palliatus, andTrypodendron domesticum and other insects to short-chain alcohols and monoterpenes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2385-2402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host-plant selection ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Nitidulidae ; Rhizophagidae ; Calliphoridae ; Diptera ; semiochemical ; monoterpenes ; methanol ; ethanol ; propanol ; terpinolene ; α-pinene ; 3-carene ; verbenone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several Scandinavian forest insects,Hylurgops palliatus, Tomicus piniperda, andTrypodendron domesticum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae),Rhizophagus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) andPollenia spp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were attracted to window traps baited with ethanol and placed on Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in May–June, 1986. Release of ethanol at increasing relative rates of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 (800 mg/day) from the window traps on trees in 1987 causedH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus to be increasingly attracted, whileT. piniperda was equally attracted at both 0.1 and 1.0 rates. The attraction ofT. piniperda to ethanol was weak compared to attraction to a monoterpene mix, (±)-α-pinene, (+)-3-carene, terpinolene. The terpene mix plus ethanol was significantly more attractive toH. palliatus than ethanol alone, but terpenes significantly reduced the attraction ofT. domesticum to ethanol. Baiting of pipe traps with a series of short-chain alcohols (methanol to hexanol) each alone showed that ethanol was greatly preferred byH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus over alcohols of one more or one less carbon, while longer-chain alcohols were not attractive. However,Glischrochilus hortensis (Col.: Nitidulidae) was attracted only to propanol. A series of 10-fold increasing release rates of ethanol (0.0001-1.0, where 1.0=800 mg/day) with either a “low” or “high” release of the terpene mix had various effects on the sexes during their attraction to pipe traps and subsequent entering of holes. Release of (−)-verbenone at 0.25 mg/day had no significant effect onH. palliatus orR. ferrugineus attraction to ethanol, but the response ofT. domesticum to ethanol was reduced. Several theories on olfactory mechanisms of host selection byT. piniperda are integrated and placed in ecological perspective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984957
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