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  • SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION  (3)
  • Geophysics  (1)
  • Meteorology and Climatology; Communications and Radar  (1)
  • 1
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    Conceptual design of a spaceborne radar for rain and cloud sensing (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A conceptual design for a mid-latitude orbiting precipitation and cloud mapping radar is discussed. In this conceptual design the radar utilizes a narrow, dual-frequency beam, electronically scanned antenna to achieve 4-km spatial resolution and 300-km cross-track swath. Vertical resolution of 500 m is achieved by short-pulse transmission. It is expected that such system can measure rain rates up to 100 mm/hr for precipitation at the cloud base, surface precipitation up to 20 mm/hr, and cloud reflectivities as low as -39 dBz. By averaging over 100 independent samples, signal reflectivities can be estimated to better than 20 percent. Other rain and cloud characteristics, such as height, thickness, and cell size, can also be extracted from the data.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: Atmospheric propagation and remote sensing; Proceedings of the Meeting, Orlando, FL, Apr. 21-23, 1992 (A93-37102 14-74); p. 363-369.
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  • 2
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    Cassini Titan Radar Mapper (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper is a multimode radar instrument designed to probe the optically inaccessible surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. The instrument is to be included in the payload of the Cassini Saturn Mission, scheduled for launch in 1995. The individual modes of Cassini Radar Mapper will allow topographic mapping and surface imaging at few hundred meters resolution. The requirements that lay behind the design are briefly discussed, and the configuration and capability of the instrument are described. The present limited knowledge of Titan's surface and the measurement requirements imposed on the radar instrument are addressed. Also discussed are the Cassini mission and the projected orbits, which imposed another set of design constraints that led to the multitude of modes and to an unconventional antenna configuration. The antenna configuration and the different radar modes are described.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: IEEE, Proceedings (ISSN 0018-9219); 79; 867-880
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Tropical rain mapping radar on the Space Station (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The conceptual design for a tropical rain mapping radar for flight on the manned Space Station is discussed. In this design the radar utilizes a narrow, dual-frequency (9.7 GHz and 24.1 GHz) beam, electronically scanned antenna to achieve high spatial (4 km) and vertical (250 m) resolutions and a relatively large (800 km) cross-track swath. An adaptive scan strategy will be used for better utilization of radar energy and dwell time. Such a system can detect precipitation at rates of up to 100 mm/hr with accuracies of roughly 15 percent. With the proposed space-time sampling strategy, the monthly averaged rainfall rate can be estimated to within 8 percent, which is essential for many climatological studies.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
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  • 4
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    Global variability of precipitation according to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Numerous studies have documented the effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall in many regions of the globe. The question of whether ENSO is the single most important factor in interannual rainfall variability has received less attention, mostly because the kind of data that would be required to make such an assessment were simply not available. Until 1979 the evidence linking El Nino with changes in rainfall around the world came from rain gauges measuring precipitation over land masses and a handful of islands. From 1980 until the launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) in November 1997 the remote sensing evidence was confined to ocean rainfall because of the very poor sensitivity of the instruments over land. In this paper we summarize the results of a principal component analysis of TRMM's 60-month (January 1998 to December 2002) global land and ocean remote-sensing record of monthly rainfall accumulations. Contrary to the first principal component of the rainfall itself, the first three indices of the anomaly are most sensitive to precipitation over the ocean rather than over the land. With the help of archived surface station data the first TRMM rain anomaly index is extended back several decades. Comparison of the extended index with the Southern Oscillation Index confirms that the first principal component of the rainfall anomaly is strongly correlated with the ENSO indices.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; Volume 109; D17103
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  • 5
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    NEXRAD in Space (NIS): A Geostationary Orbiting Doppler Radar for Hurricane Monitoring and Studies (2011)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology; Communications and Radar
    Type: Advanced RF Sensors and Remote Sensing Instruments Workshop; Sep 13, 2011 - Sep 15, 2011; Noordwijk; Netherlands
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