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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (28)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (23)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Trace element analyses of the phosphates minerals in stony-iron pallasite meteorites are used here to investigate the magmatic history of the silicate portions of pallasites. In Eagle Station and seven other pallasites, the phosphates have relatively low concentrations of REEs and are strongly enriched in heavy relative to light REE. These patterns are consistent with formation of phosphate by subsolidus reactions between metal and silicate, in which phosphate inherits the REE pattern of olivine. In Springwater and Santa Rosalia, calcium-rich phosphates have higher concentrations of REE, are enriched in light relative to heavy REE, and have negative europium anomalies. These patterns are consistent with crystallization of phosphate from a europium-depleted chondritic liquid. This is unlikely to have happened near the base of the differentiating parent-body mantle; it suggests that some pallasites may come from regions of their parent bodies much nearer the surface than the core-mantle boundary.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 353; 637-640
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two medium octahedrite iron meteorites recently found near Ellicott, Colorado, are described and compared to a medium octahedrite iron meteorite discovered in 1902 at nearby Franceville, Colo. Based on the Ni, Ga, Ge, and Ir contents, the pronounced differences in shock history, and the differences in average kamacite bandwidth, it is clear that Ellicott is a new meteorite, distinct from the Franceville find.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics; 9; Dec. 31
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the Happy Canyon meteorite, found in 1971 near Wayside, Texas, show it to be a new type of enstatite achondrite occupying the gap between the recrystallized enstatite chondrites and the igneous, crystalline, unbrecciated enstatite chondrites. Although the bulk composition of the specimen is consistent with that of an E6 enstatite chondrite, it has a crystal cumulate texture. There are minor amounts of metal and troilite which have survived extensive weathering. The Happy Canyon meteorite may represent an E6 composition which has melted and reprecipitated at a slightly higher oxidation state, possibly in the core of a small parent body.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics; 12; June 30
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Based on a steady-state model of the East Antarctic ice cap, and current estimates of meteorite influx, a model is developed which predicts that the steady-state number of meteorites being carried in or on the ice is at least 760,000. This large meteorite population does not require unusual influx conditions, since the cold, dry climate preserves virtually all meteorites that fall with the exception of the fragile, porous carbonaceous chondrites. Application of the model to the Greenland ice cap yields a steady-state population of about 61,000 meteorites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 292; Aug. 6
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Eleven recent chondrite finds from the Texas Panhandle have been examined and classified according to mineralogical and petrological criteria: five H's, five L's, and one LL chondrite. Five are distinct from nearby finds, while three remain ambiguous and three are related to previously reported chondrites. In addition, data are provided to classify the Muleshoe, Silverton, and Vigo Park chondrites, all of which were previously undescribed in the literature.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 18; March 31
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Radio astronomical observations of Uranus show that the radio emission spectrum is evolving in time. Ammonia vapor must be depleted in the Uranian atmosphere as Gulkis et al. (1978) previously suggested. Since 1965, ammonia either has been decreasing in time or is a decreasing function of latitude, or both, provided that the radio emission is atmospheric in origin. If Uranus has an observable low-emissivity 'surface', these trends may be reversed. The microwave observations made in 1965, at the time when the spin axis of Uranus was nearly perpendicular to the sun-Uranus line, are consistent with an atmospheric opacity profile that would be produced by saturated ammonia vapor in a predominantly hydrogen atmosphere. At the present time, when the spin axis of Uranus is nearly aligned with the sun-Uranus line, the measurements require an opacity that would be produced by saturated water vapor. A large thermal gradient between the pole and equator is ruled out.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; July 29
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The novel calibrations of the Ca-pyroxene thermometer accomplished by Kretz (1982) and Lindsley (1983) are presently applied to 24 analyzed pyroxenes from 24 H6, L6, and LL6 chondrites. Both thermometers indicate that the H group equilibrated to significantly lower temperature (820-830 C) than the L and LL groups, yielding values of 860 C (Lindsley) to 930 C (Kretz).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 48; 1363-136
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Measurements of Saturn's disk temperature are compiled to determine the planet's microwave spectrum from 1 mm to 100 cm wavelength. The data were adjusted to conform with a common flux density scale. A model of Saturn's rings is used to remove the effects of the rings from the atmospheric component at centimeter and decimeter wavelengths. Theoretical spectra for a number of convective atmospheric models were computed and compared with the observed spectrum. Radiative-convective models with approximately solar composition and with an effective temperature of approximately 89 K are in good agreement with the observations. The agreement between the observed and theoretical spectra is a strong indication that gaseous ammonia is present in Saturn's atmosphere. A good fit to the data is obtained with an ammonia mixing ratio of approximately 5 x 10,0001. A comparison of the millimeter wavelength data with the best-fitting atmospheric spectrum indicates that the thermal component of the ring brightness temperature near 1 mm wavelength is approximately 25 k.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Its The Saturn System; p 195-216
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experiments with the electron gun on the SCATHA satellite produced evidence of beam-plasma interactions, and heating of the low energy electrons around the satellite. These experiments were conducted near geosynchronous orbit, in the dusk bulge, and plasma sheet, with one short operation in the lobe regions, providing a range of ambient plasma densities. The electron gun was operated at 50 eV, with beam currents of 1, 10, and 100 micro-A. Data from electrostatic analyzers and the dc electric field experiment show that the satellite charged to near the beam energy in sunlight, if the beam current was sufficient. Higher ambient densities required higher beam currents. The electrostatic analyzers showed distribution functions which had peaks, or plateaus, at energies greater than the satellite potential. These measurements indicate heating of the ambient plasma at several Debye lengths from the satellite, with the heated plasma then accelerated into the satellite. It is likely that the ambient plasma is in fact the photoelectron sheath generated by the satellite.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AGARD, The Aerospace Environment at High Altitudes and its Implications for Spacecraft Charging and Communications; 8 p
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data from two electric field experiments and from the plasma composition experiment on ISEE-1 show that the spacecraft charged to close to -70 V in sunlight at about 0700 UT on March 17, 1978. Data from the electron spectrometer experiment show that there was a potential barrier of some -10 to -20 V about the spacecraft during this event. The potential barrier was effective in turning back emitted photoelectrons to the spacecraft. Potential barriers can be formed by differential charging on the spacecraft or by the presence of space charge. The stringent electrostatic cleanliness specifications imposed on ISEE made the presence of differential charging seem unlikely, if these precautions were effective. Modeling of the event to determine if the barrier was produced by the presence of space charge suggested that this could not explain the observed barrier. The angular shape of the distribution could be successfully modeled as a product of differential charging on the solar arrays. This implies that the conductive coating was not completely effective in preventing differential charging, and that differential charging did occur.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AGARD, The Aerospace Environment at High Altitudes and its Implications for Spacecraft Charging and Communications; 10 p
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