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  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (347)
  • 1975-1979  (347)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Desirable features in a spacecraft modeling code are enumerated. The NASCAP is discussed in terms of its approach to the problem. Samples of problem setup and output are provided which demonstrate the ease with which the program can be used. A simple but interesting case of spacecraft charging is examined, and other applications are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Spacecraft Charging Technol., 1978; p 101-122
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A computer code, NASCAP (NASA Charging Analyzer Program), has been developed by Systems, Science and Software under contract to NASA-LeRC to simulate the charging of a complex spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit. The capabilities of the NASCAP code include a fully three-dimensional solution of Poisson's equation about an object having considerable geometrical and material complexity, particle tracking, shadowing in sunlight, calculation of secondary emission, backscatter and photoemission, and graphical output. A model calculation shows how the NASCAP code may be used to improve our understanding of the spacecraft-plasma interaction.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The test specimens were spacecraft paints, silvered Teflon, thermal blankets, and solar array segments. The samples, ranging in size from 300 to 1000 sq cm were exposed to monoenergetic electron energies from 2 to 20 keV at a current density of 1 NA/sq cm. The samples generally behaved as capacitors with strong voltage gradient at their edges. The charging characteristics of the silvered Teflon, Kapton, and solar cell covers were controlled by the secondary emission characteristics. Insulators that did not discharge were the spacecraft paints and the quartz fiber cloth thermal blanket sample. All other samples did experience discharges when the surface voltage reached -8 to -16kV. The discharges were photographed. The breakdown voltage for each sample was determined and the average energy lost in the discharge was computed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Proc. of the Spacecraft Charging Technol. Conf.; p 431-457
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The data from the ATS-5 and -6 Auroral Particles Experiments have shown that the environment at geosynchronous orbit can charge spacecraft surfaces to appreciable negative values. Such surface charges could have undesirable effects on satellite equipment and the data obtained in satellite experiments. A computer program, the NASA Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP), has, in this connection, been developed to determine the surface charging of spacecraft when encountering geomagnetic substorm conditions. Once a model of a spacecraft has been developed in the NASCAP code, the surface charging can be computed for any environmental input flux. On the basis of the obtained information regarding the surface charging, charged particle trajectories can be computed to determine if it is possible for a particle to return to a satellite surface. It is pointed out that the computer runs conducted with the NASCAP code represent the first attempts to use a self-consistent program to study the behavior of spacecraft surfaces experiencing a geomagnetic substorm condition.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: International Spacecraft Contamination Conference; Mar 07, 1978 - Mar 09, 1978; Colorado Springs, CO
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The practicability of using solar sails as a means of spacecraft propulsion is discussed with reference to a Haley's comet rendezvous mission in 1981. Two types of sails are examined: square and heliogyro. Because of ease of deployment (release into space from a space shuttle, and unfolding of the blades through solar radiation pressure) the latter is preferred. Structural and mission parameters are given for the heliogyro configuration, with attention to operational temperature limits and material coefficients. A cranking orbit is described, where a sail-powered spacecraft flies first toward the sun, and then away from it in order to achieve rendezvous with a comet. Other missions using solar sails, including a back-up mission to Encke's comet in 1983, are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 78-82 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 16, 1978 - Jan 18, 1978; Huntsville, AL
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An investigation to determine spacecraft materials characteristics under charging conditions was conducted at the Lewis Research Center substorm simulation facility. The test specimens were spacecraft paints, silvered Teflon, thermal blankets and solar array segments. The samples, ranging in size from 300 to 1,000 sq cm were exposed to monoenergetic electron energies from 2 to 20 keV at a current density of 1 nA sq cm. The samples generally behaved as capacitors with strong voltage gradients at their edges. The charging characteristics of the silvered Teflon, Kapton, and solar cell covers were controlled by the secondary emission characteristics. Insulators that did not discharge were the spacecraft paints and the quartz fiber cloth thermal blanket sample. All other samples did experience discharges when the surface voltage reached -8 to -16 kV. The discharges were photographed. The breakdown voltage for each sample was determined and the average energy lost in the discharge was computed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73603 , E-8970-4 , Spacecraft Charging Technology Conf.; Oct 27, 1976 - Oct 29, 1976; Colorado Springs
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A technique for on-board detection and identification of hard failures and leaks of the shuttle orbiter reaction control subsystem jets, during the orbital flight phase, is presented. The method uses gimbal angle and linear accelerometer measurements from the orbiter inertial measurement unit and requires no additional hardware. Extended Kalman filters with residual traps are employed for state estimation, and generalized likelihood ratio tests for jet failure identification. Rigid body simulation results indicate identification times of less than 2 seconds for hard jet failures and less than 70 seconds for jet leaks.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-155 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 20, 1975 - Jan 22, 1975; Pasadena, CA
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The NASA Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP), an engineering tool capable of analyzing the impact of the charged particle environment on spacecraft surfaces and systems, is described. NASCAP is a quasi-static computational program which analyzes the charging of a 3-dimensional complex body as a function of time and system-generated voltages for given space environmental conditions. The material properties of the surfaces are taken into account; the surface potentials, low energy sheath, potential distribution in space and particle trajectories are calculated. An application of NASCAP to a simple space solar power station consisting of two 6 m by 18 m solar array wings surrounding a central body is presented. Each solar array wing is considered to be divided into three regions operating at 2000 volts. Results of NASCAP analysis of the system for a normal environment and a moderate geomagnetic substorm environment are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, High Voltage Workshop; Feb 26, 1979 - Feb 27, 1979; Anaheim, CA
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  • 9
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Seasat-A attitude control system controls the attitude of the satellite system during injection into final circular orbit after Atlas boost, during orbit adjust and trim phases, and throughout the 3-year mission. Ascent and injection guidance and attitude control are provided by the Agena spacecraft with a gyrocompassed mass expulsion system. On-orbit attitude control functions are performed by a system that has its functional roots in the gravity-gradient momentum bias technology. The paper discusses hardware, control laws, and simulation results.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 77-1057 , Guidance and Control Conference; Aug 08, 1977 - Aug 10, 1977; Hollywood, FL
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results of laboratory performance tests of two satellite attitude determination systems are given. One system employed a strapdown star tracker and gyro assembly, the other a single axis, gimballed star tracker and a gyro assembly. The laboratory tests simulated those orbit conditions which would be experienced on a three axis stabilized, earth pointed satellite in geosynchronous orbit. A ground-fixed laboratory test was performed in which system axes remained stationary in the laboratory coordinates while revolving star beams stimulated the star trackers. The laboratory instrumentation techniques used to meet the stringent accuracy requirements are described. Results are presented which show both systems met the performance goal of 3.6 arc seconds. Comparative analyses of both systems are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 77-1039 , Guidance and Control Conference; Aug 08, 1977 - Aug 10, 1977; Hollywood, FL
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